See set asynchronous
balanced mode extended (SABME).
sample line
In RLU, a record that
represents data and gives a user's report prototype a more realistic
appearance but for which the user does not create data description
specifications (DDS).
SAN
See storage area network
(SAN) or system area network (SAN).
SAP
(1) See service access point
(SAP).
(2) See Service Advertising
Protocol (SAP).
SAP selector
An external
identifier for a service access point.
saturation
The amounts of color
and gray in a hue that affect its vividness; that is, a hue with high
saturation contains more color and less gray than a hue with low
saturation. See also hue and
lightness.
save
To copy specific objects,
libraries, or data by transferring them from main storage or auxiliary storage
to media such as optical disc, tape, diskette, or a save file. Contrast
with restore.
save file
(1) A file allocated in
auxiliary storage that can be used to store saved data on disk (without
requiring diskettes or tapes), to do I/O operations from a high-level language
program, or to receive objects sent through the network. The
system-recognized identifier for the object type is *FILE.
(2) In Backup Recovery and Media
Services, an online file allocated on direct access storage for use as interim
or short-term storage before off-loading to removable media or permanently
deleting.
save/restore media
The diskette or
the tape that the user uses to save and restore the files, folders, or
libraries.
save storage
An operation that
copies (sector by sector) all permanent data from configured disk units to
tape.
save system authority
A special
authority that allows the user to save and restore all objects on the system
and free storage of all objects on the system. See also all object
authority, job control authority, security administrator
authority, service authority, spool control
authority, system configuration authority, and user
class.
save-while-active operation
An
operation that the user runs to save objects while application programs that
change the objects are running. Contrast with dedicated save
operation.
SBCS
See single-byte
character set (SBCS).
SBCS data
In DB2 UDB for AS/400,
data that is associated with a single-byte character set.
scalability
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), the ability of a distributed system to expand in
size without making changes to the system structure, applications, or the way
users deal with the system.
scalable
Pertaining to a
server's ability to increase its capacity to distribute information or
data as demand heightens.
scalar
(1) Pertaining to a single
data item. Contrast with array.
(2) A type of program object that
contains either string or numeric data. It provides the byte string it
is mapped to with representation and operational characteristics.
Contrast with pointer.
scalar function
In SQL, an
operation that produces a single value from another value and expresses it in
the form of a function name followed by a list of arguments enclosed in
parentheses.
scale
(1) The number of digits in the
fractional part of a number.
(2) In the GDDM function, the number
and progression of ticks along a vertical or horizontal axis.
(3) In the GDDM function, to enlarge
an image or marker.
scale factor
A number that
indicates the position of the decimal point in a real
number.
scale line
(1) In the OfficeVision
program, a line on the display showing margins, tabs, and pitch.
(2) In Query, a line at the top
of a report that shows column positions.
scaling
A process by which an
image is reduced or enlarged in size to fit a given area on the
display.
scan line
(1) In AFP support, one
horizontal sweep of the laser beam.
(2) In AFP support, a single row
of pels.
scanner
A machine that can
convert light signals to electrical signals.
scatter plot
(1) In the GDDM
function, a variety of line chart in which only the marked points, and not
their joining lines, are drawn. See also line chart.
(2) In Performance Tools, a
variety of line graph in which only the marked points, and not their joining
lines, are drawn. See also line
graph.
scheduled job
(1) A batch job that
becomes eligible to run at a specified date and time.
(2) A batch job that is
submitted with a value other than *CURRENT for the schedule date and schedule
time parameters.
scheduling parameter
Information that
describes the prioritization characteristics of a thread.
scheduling policy
Information that
describes the algorithm that will be used to prioritize threads that are
running within the current process or operating system.
scheduling queue
In OfficeVision
text search, a physical file that contains a list of requests for documents
selected from the document library to be included in, updated in, or deleted
from the text search index.
schema
(1) Another name for an SQL
collection.
(2) For the Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE), see directory schema.
scope
(1) To specify the boundary
within which system resources can be used.
(2) In the C language, the range
within a program in which a declaration is known.
(3) The extent to which the semantic
effects of language statements reach. The scope may be to the job or to
the activation group.
(4) The level to which a commitment
control definition applies.
(5) Information that is used to
describe whether the scheduling policy indicates that threads compete directly
with other threads within the process or within the
system.
scope of control
In OSI, a
synonym for management domain.
SCPF
See
start-control-program-function (SCPF)
job.
scratch diskette
A diskette that
has all of its data erased or its identification
deleted.
scratch tape
A reel of magnetic
tape that has all of its data erased or its identification
deleted.
screen design aid (SDA)
A function
of the Application Development ToolSet licensed program that helps the user
design, create, and maintain displays and
menus.
screen edit mode
In AFP
Utilities, the mode that allows a user to design and edit an overlay.
See also list edit mode.
screen view
In AFP Utilities, the
presentation of a display shown while a user is in screen edit mode.
See also list view.
scriptlet
In JSP technology, a
code fragment that is run at request-time processing.
scroll
For Client Access using
the OS/2 licensed program, to move a display image vertically or horizontally
to view data that is not otherwise visible in a display screen or
window.
scrollable cursor
A cursor that
is declared with the SCROLL keyword.
scroll bar
A part of a window
that shows a user that more information is available in a particular direction
and can be moved into view by using a pointing device or the page
keys.
SCS
See SNA character string
(SCS).
SDA
See screen design aid
(SDA).
SDDM
See source distributed
data manager (SDDM).
SDLC
See synchronous data
link control (SDLC).
SDT
In
SNA, a command issued by the primary logical unit, which allows user data to
be sent on the logical unit-to-logical unit (LU-to-LU)
session.
SDU
See service data unit
(SDU).
search argument
(1) In RPG, a literal
or field name specified in factor 1 of certain file operations (such as CHAIN)
that identifies the record to be processed.
(2) In RPG, data for which
you want to find a match or a greater than or less than quantity in a table or
array. The search argument is specified in the lookup
statement.
search condition
In SQL, a
criterion for selecting rows from a table. A search condition consists
of one or more predicates.
search handle
For Client Access
using the OS/2 licensed program, a number returned by the system to an
application program when the application program requests a search. The
search handle is used by the application program to request subsequent
searches.
search index
An index of related
topics that can be searched or browsed. The system-recognized
identifier for the object type is *SCHIDX.
search index database
The
database files used by document library services for storing descriptive
information about documents and folders (such as keywords, subjects, dates,
and so forth). These database files are used when a search of the
document library is requested on one or more document
descriptors.
search path
In the Application
Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed
program, the order that groups are to be searched when the product looks for
parts in a project hierarchy.
search value
User-defined
information that is used either to make a list of filed documents with similar
document details or content, or to find a directory
entry.
seat
To fit correctly into
position.
secondary axis
In the GDDM
function, a horizontal or vertical axis drawn parallel to the primary axis and
capable of having a title, ticks, and labels different from those of the
primary axis. See also primary
axis.
secondary domain
The domain that
is defined by the DNS domain database file that a secondary name server has
obtained from a master name server.
secondary file
(1) In RPG, any input
file other than the primary file.
(2) For certain types of join
operations using Query, all files except the first file that are joined in a
query definition for the purpose of getting data.
(3) In the DDS for a join
logical file, any physical file, other than the first physical file, that is
specified on the JFILE keyword. Contrast with primary
file.
secondary language
One or more
additional national languages that can be installed on the system to display
and print information. Contrast with primary
language.
secondary logical partition
A logical
partition that has certain dependencies on the primary logical partition, but
otherwise is independent from the primary logical partition. For
example, a secondary logical partition may be powered off and on, dumped, or
installed without affecting other logical partitions. Also referred to
as secondary partition.
secondary logical unit (SLU)
In SNA,
the logical unit that contains the secondary half-session for one logical
unit-to-logical unit (LU-to-LU) session. See also logical unit
(LU). Contrast with primary logical unit
(PLU).
secondary name server
A name
server that gets its domain data from a master name server by way of a zone
transfer.
secondary operating system
An
operating system other than the primary operating system that runs with the
primary operating system. The secondary operating system does not
control the system resources. However, the secondary operating system
uses the resources as permitted by the primary operating system. For
example, SSP can run as a secondary operating system in one or more AS/400
Advanced 36 machines with OS/400 as the primary operating
system.
secondary part
In the Application
Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed
program, a secondary part is the part created when the information for the
primary part is processed by the Build Part (BLDPART) command. See also
primary part.
secondary referential constraint
The
constraint that occurs when a unique constraint or a primary key constraint is
added to file that is a parent file in a defined referential constraint
relationship. The referential constraint is regarded as secondary
processing because the primary request is for the processing of the unique
constraint or the primary key
constraint.
secondary system name
An
alternative system name that can be used to identify an AS/400 system in a
SNADS network. See also secondary system name table.
Contrast with primary system
name.
secondary system name table
In
SNADS, the table containing all the system names that can be used to identify
the local system for distributions arriving on the
system.
secondary thread
Any thread that
is started by, or on behalf of, the application that is not the initial
thread. See also initial
thread.
secondary window
A window that
contains information that is dependent on information in a primary window, and
is used to supplement the interaction in the primary window. See also
primary window. Synonymous with pop-up
window.
secret key
In DCE Security, a
long-lived encryption key shared between a principal and the Authentication
Service.
section
In COBOL, a set of zero,
one, or more paragraphs or entries preceded by a section header. Each
section consists of a section header and the related section
body.
sector
(1) An area on a disk track or
a diskette track to record information.
(2) The smallest amount of
information that can be written to or read from a disk or diskette during a
single read or write operation.
secure
Controlling who can use
and to what extent an object can be used by controlling the authority given to
the user.
Secured Network Gateway
See
Internet Connection Secured Network
Gateway.
secure network
A set of nodes
that are controlled by a single administrative party. Contrast with
nonsecure network.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
A
popular security scheme that was developed by Netscape Communications
Corp. and RSA Data Security, Inc. SSL allows the client to
authenticate the server and all data and requests to be encrypted. The
URL of a secure server that is protected by SSL begins with https
rather than http.
security administrator authority
A
special authority that allows a user to add users to the system distribution
directory, to create and change user profiles, to add and remove access codes,
and to perform office tasks, such as delete documents, folders, and document
lists, and change distribution lists for other users. See also all
object authority, save system authority, job control
authority, service authority, spool control
authority, system configuration authority, and user
class.
Security Association (SA)
A contract between
a local key server and a remote key server. This contract protects data
exchanges.
security DST capability
A
dedicated service tools (DST) capability used by a service representative or
an experienced system user that provides access to all DST functions.
See also basic DST capability and full DST
capability.
security officer
A person
assigned to control all of the security authorizations provided with the
system. A security officer can, for example, remove password or
resource security; or add, change, or remove security information about
any system user.
security policy
A written
document that defines the security controls that you institute for your
computer systems. A security policy describes the risks that you intend
these controls to minimize and the actions that should be taken if someone
breaches your security controls.
Security Policy Index (SPI)
A value
that the local systems and remote systems use to identify a particular
Security Association (SA).
security-relevant
Pertaining to
anything that occurs on the system that affects, either positively or
negatively, the safety and integrity of the system's processes and
data.
Security Service
A Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE) component that provides trustworthy identification
of users, secure communications, and controlled access to resources in a
distributed system.
seed
In Cryptographic Support, a
value supplied on the GENCRSDMNK command to add a level of randomness to the
creation of pseudorandom cross-domain keys.
seek
To position the read/write
head of a disk unit or a diskette unit.
segment
(1) One or more contiguous
elements of a string.
(2) For TCP/IP, the unit of
end-to-end transmission in the TCP. A segment consists of a TCP header
followed by application data. A segment is transmitted as an IP
datagram. See also datagram and
packet.
segmenting
In OSI, a function
performed by an (N)-entity to map one (N)-service-data-unit into multiple
(N)-protocol-data-units. (I) Segmenting is the opposite of
reassembly. Contrast with
reassembly.
segment-number
In COBOL, a
user-defined word that classifies sections in the Procedure Division for
purposes of segmentation. Segment numbers can contain only the
characters 0 through 9. A segment-number can be expressed either as a
1- or 2-digit number.
seion
A Japanese
syllable.
select
In Client Access for
Windows, to highlight a choice so that a subsequent action will use that
choice. Selecting does not initiate the action. Contrast with
choose.
select function
A system function
that determines which records from a physical file are to be included in a
logical file. Contrast with omit
function.
selection border
The visual
border that appears around a control, allowing that control to be moved with
the mouse or keyboard.
selection button
The button on a
pointing device that a user presses to select an object. For example,
mouse button 1 is the default selection button on a two-button
mouse.
selection character
A character
used to select a choice in a selection list or a selection
field.
selection entry
In System
Manager, an entry that assigns each alert processed by the filter to a
group. In this way, many alerts can be grouped into manageable
categories.
selection field
A panel element
that contains a fixed number of choices in which the user cannot page up or
page down.
selection list
A set of choices
that typically vary in content and number. The user can page up or page
down if more items are in the list than can been seen at one
time.
selective prompting
A function of
the operating system that allows the user to tailor command prompts at a
parameter level. Contrast with conditional
prompting.
select/omit field
A field in a
logical file record format whose value is tested by the system to determine if
records including that field are to be used. The test is a comparison
with a constant, the contents of another field, a range of values, or a list
of values; and the record is either selected or omitted as a result of
the test. See also dynamic
select/omit.
select/omit level specifications
Data
description specifications coded on the lines following the last key-field
specification. These specifications are permitted only in a logical
file. See also field level specifications, file level
specifications, key field level specifications, record
level specifications, help level specifications, and
join level specifications.
self-check digit
The far right
digit of a self-check field.
self-check field
A field, such as
an account number, consisting of a base number and a self-check digit.
For data entry applications, the operator-entered self-check number is
compared with the self-check number calculated by the
system.
self-referencing row
In DB2 UDB
for AS/400, a row that is a parent of itself.
self-referencing table
In DB2 UDB
for AS/400, a table that is a parent and a dependent in the same referential
constraint. The constraint is called a self-referencing
constraint.
self-test
A test that runs
automatically after a device is turned on.
semantics
The relationships of
characters or groups of characters to their meanings, independent of the
manner of their interpretation and use. Semantics is the meaning
conveyed by a character string. Contrast with
syntax.
semaphore
A mechanism that is
used to synchronize one or more
jobs.
semaphore adjustment value
A value
associated with a semaphore and applied to the semaphore's value if a
process ends while holding resources represented by the
semaphore.
semaphore set
An interprocess
communications mechanism that contains one or more
semaphores.
semicolon
In REXX, a token that
indicates the end of a clause and is implied by the 400/REXX interpreter in
three cases: by the end of a line, by certain keywords, and by a colon
if it follows a single symbol.
send depth
In SNADS, the number
of items that must be on the distribution queue before any item is sent to the
next system.
sending cross-domain key
In
Cryptographic Support, a cross-domain key used to encrypt a data-encrypting
key before it is sent to another location.
send time
In SNADS, the values
that specify the time that distributions are sent to other locations in a
network. The from and to times inclusively specify the range during
which distributions can be sent; the force time specifies the time at
which distributions are sent regardless of the number of items in the
queue.
sense data
In SNA, data sent with
a negative response, indicating the reason for the
response.
sensitivity
In the OfficeVision
program, a level of classification of information as defined by the
X.400 Standard. Mail items can be assigned a sensitivity of
none, personal, private, or confidential. See also personal
mail, private mail, and confidential
mail.
sensor
A device that converts
measurable elements of a physical process into data meaningful to a
computer.
sentence
In COBOL, a sequence of
one or more statements, the last of which is stopped by a separator
period.
separator
In COBOL, a punctuation
character used to set apart
character-strings.
separator line
In the
OfficeVision program, a line that separates footnote text from the other text
on a page.
sequence
To arrange in
order.
sequence checking
In RPG, a
function that checks the sequence of records in input, update, or combined
files used as primary and secondary
files.
Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) protocol
A
connection oriented, transport-layer communications protocol build on top of
the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol. The additional tasks
of the transport layer make SPX a connection-oriented protocol. Before
an SPX packet is sent, a connection or pipe between sender and receiver is
established. SPX performs the tasks of guaranteeing delivery,
sequencing of packets, detecting errors, and suppressing packet
duplication.
sequence errors
In Performance
Tools, the number of frames received by the terminal equipment (TE) that
contained sequence numbers indicating that frames were
lost.
sequence number
(1) The number of a
record that identifies the record within the source member.
(2) A field in a journal
entry that contains a number assigned by the system. This number is
initially 1 and is increased until the journal is changed or the sequence
number is reset by the user. See also line
number.
sequence page
A page in the
settings of a composite project that allows the user to specify the order in
which projects are built.
sequential access
In COBOL, a
method of reading from, writing to, or removing records from a file based on
the way the records are arranged in the
file.
sequential-by-key processing
A method
of processing indexed files in which records are read or written in the order
of the key field in the record.
sequential organization
In COBOL,
the permanent logical file structure in which a record is identified by a
predecessor-successor relationship that is established when the record is
placed into the file.
sequential processing
A method of
processing in which records are read, written to, or deleted in the order
determined by the value of the key field. See also consecutive
processing and random
processing.
sequential-within-limits processing
A method
of processing indexed files in which limits are specified for the beginning
and ending values of the key field for the records to be read or
written.
serial device
A device that uses
serial data as opposed to parallel data.
serial line
A transmission medium
commonly used for point-to-point link connections. Often, a serial line
consists of an RS-232 connection into a modem over a telephone
line.
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
In the Internet
suite of protocols, a protocol that connects a computer to the Internet using
a serial line.
serial port
A connector on a
serial device to which cables for other devices are
attached.
serial search
In COBOL, a search
in which the records of a set of records are consecutively examined, beginning
with the first record and ending with the last
record.
server
(1) A computer that provides
shared services to other computers over a network; for example, a file
server, a print server, or a mail server.
(2) In DCE Remote Procedure Call
(RPC), the party that receives remote procedure calls.
(3) In a local area network, a data
station that provides services to other data stations.
(4) In TCP/IP, a system in a network
that handles the requests of a system at another site (may be part of the same
network) called a client.
server addressing information
(1) In DCE
Remote Procedure Call (RPC), an RPC protocol sequence, a network address, and
an endpoint that represent one way to access an RPC server over a
network. Server addressing information is a part of server binding
information. See network address. See also
binding information, endpoint, and RPC protocol
sequence.
(2) In DCE Remote
Procedure Call (RPC), an RPC protocol sequence, network address, and endpoint
that represents one way to access an RPC server over a network; a part of
server binding information. See network address. See
also binding information, endpoint, and RPC
protocol sequence.
server application thread
In DCE
Remote Procedure Call (RPC), a thread running the server application code that
initializes the server and listens for incoming calls. See
application thread, client application thread,
local application thread, and RPC
thread.
server binding information
In DCE Remote
Procedure Call (RPC), binding information for a particular RPC server.
See binding information and client binding
information.
server entry
In DCE Remote
Procedure Call (RPC), a name service entry that stores the binding information
associated with the RPC interfaces of a particular RPC server and object
Universal Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) for any objects offered by the
server. See also binding information, NSI binding
attribute, NSI object attribute, object, and
RPC interface.
server instance
(1) A logical server
that consists of a set of server jobs and configuration objects. Each
server instance listens on either a unique IP address or a unique port with
the same IP address. A server instance is created, configured, deleted,
or controlled from the administration server. The configuration of each
server instance is determined by the name of an associated configuration file,
instance parameters, and values that are specified on the Configuration and
Administration Forms and on the Global Attribute Values page. See also
configuration file and instance parameter.
(2) In DCE Remote Procedure
Call (RPC), a server running in a specific address space. See
server.
service
(1) In network architecture,
the capabilities that a layer and the layers closer to the physical media
provide to the layers closer to the end user. (T)
(2) In OSI, a set of service
primitives that a layer provides to the layer above it.
(3) In System Manager, the
programming and interfaces that provide functions commonly required by
SystemView applications. Services must be present in each of the
managing systems that run SystemView applications.
(4) A TCP/IP port
number.
service access point (SAP)
(1) A
logical address that allows a system to route data between a remote device and
the appropriate communications support.
(2) In OSI, a
logical port between two layers, at which the service provider in the lower
layer provides services to the service user in the higher
layer.
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
A
protocol that allows service providing nodes, such as file server and print
server, to advertise their services so that clients can access the
services. SAP also provides for responding to a user for a given type
of service. This information is delivered through the use of the
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol. A SAP packet contains sets
of service entry information.
service alias
A named set of
protocol, source ports, and destination ports that is used to help define
filters in Internet Protocol (IP) packet
security.
service authority
A special
authority that allows the user to perform the alter function in the service
functions. See also all object authority, save system
authority, job control authority, security administrator
authority, spool control authority, system configuration
authority, and user
class.
service controls
In the DCE
X/Open Directory Service (XDS), a group of parameters, applied to all
directory operations, that direct or constrain the provision of the
service.
service data unit (SDU)
In OSI, a
unit of data transferred between a layer and the next higher
layer.
service element
In OSI, a unit of
standardization specifying a complete group of
functions.
service level
One of the four
levels of service (fast, status, data high, or data low) that determines if a
distribution is put on the normal or priority distribution queue. See
also distribution service
level.
service library
The system
library provided in the system that is used temporarily for loading
IBM-supplied programming changes and creating APARs. Named
QSRV.
Service Location Protocol (SLP)
In the Internet
suite of protocols, a protocol that identifies and uses network hosts without
having to designate a specific network host
name.
service pack
A collection of code
fixes for an AS/400 licensed program that contains PC code. The fixes
are contained in a single, orderable AS/400 program temporary fix
(PTF).
service primitives
In the OSI
reference model, the smallest defined interaction between service users and
service providers in adjacent layers. This interaction is a service
provided by the lower layer to the higher
layer. (I)
service processor
The logic that
contains the processor function to start the system processor and handle error
conditions. See also system
processor.
service program
A bound program
that performs utility functions that can be called by other bound
programs. See also bound
program.
service provider
(1) In the OSI
reference model, a layer that provides services to the next higher
layer.
(2) In System Manager, the
AS/400 system used to provide problem-handling support to another AS/400
system or systems connected to it by communications lines. The service
provider may also be the alert focal point in a network. Contrast with
service requester.
service representative basic user profile
A
system-supplied user profile, named QSRVBAS, that provides limited authority
for a service representative to use dedicated service tools (DST) and system
service tools (SST). Contrast with service representative user
profile.
service representative user profile
A
system-supplied user profile, named QSRV, that provides all the authority
required by a service representative to use the dedicated service tools (DST)
and system service tools (SST). Contrast with service
representative basic user
profile.
service requester
In System
Manager, the AS/400 system with a program or equipment problem that requires
and asks for problem-handling support from another AS/400 system in a
network. Contrast with service
provider.
service ticket
In DCE Security, a
ticket that grants access to a specified service other than the
ticket-granting service. See ticket, simple
ticket, privilege ticket, and ticket-granting
ticket.
service user
In the OSI reference
model, a layer that uses the services of the next lower
layer. (I)
servlet
A server-side program
that gives Java-enabled servers additional
functionality.
servo
See
servomechanism.
servomechanism
(1) An automatic
device that uses feedback to govern the physical position of a part.
(2) A feedback control system
in which at least one of the signals represents mechanical
motion.
session
(1) The length of time that
starts when a user signs on at a display station and ends when the user signs
off.
(2) In Client Access, the logical
connection between the host system and a personal computer or printer.
(3) In communications, the logical
connection by which a program or device can communicate with a program or
device at a remote location. See also conversation and
transaction.
(4) In finance communications, a
logical connection by which an AS/400 system communicates with a finance
controller.
(5) In RJE, the activity of all
tasks within a single AS/400 system communicating with a single host
system.
(6) In SNA, a logical connection
between two network locations that can be started, tailored to provide various
connection protocols, and stopped, as requested. Each session is
uniquely identified in a header by a pair of network addresses identifying the
origin and destination of any transmission exchanged during the
session. See also half-session.
(7) In 3270 emulation, the activity
that occurs on the communications line between the time that the user enters
the command to start emulation and the time the user ends the emulation
job.
session connection
In OSI, a
connection between two nodes that enables them to communicate at the session
layer.
session default
(1) A session assumed
by the system for temporary use.
(2) In the OfficeVision
program, a calendar session defined for temporary
use.
session description
An object
that contains a description of the operating characteristics of an RJE
session. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*SSND.
session files library
The files
library that will be in use when the current System/36 environment job
ends.
session functional unit
In OSI,
logical groupings of related services provided by the Session Layer, such as
activity management, capability data exchange, and negotiated release.
Most session functional units are optional. The peer application
entities negotiate whether or not the optional functions will be used when the
session connection is established.
session key
(1) In Cryptographic
Support, a data-encrypting key used to encrypt data before it is sent to
another location.
(2) In DCE Security, a
short-lived encryption key provided by the Authentication Service to two
principals for the purpose of ensuring secure communications between
them. Synonymous with conversation
key.
session layer
In OSI, the layer
that provides the services that organize and synchronize communications
between functional units in different open systems located in the presentation
layer.
session-layer protocol data unit (SPDU)
In OSI,
a protocol data unit in the session
layer. (I)
session-layer service access point (SSAP)
In OSI,
a service access point in the session
layer.
session-layer service data unit (SSDU)
In OSI,
a unit of data transferred between the presentation layer and the session
layer.
session profile
In Client Access,
a file that describes the way a display or printer emulation session operates
with the work station function (DOS operating system) or the 5250 Work Station
Feature (OS/2 operating system). As many as five sessions may be active
at any time.
session version
In OSI,
pertaining to the two versions of the session-layer services and protocols
standard. Session version 2 can handle the transmission of larger units
of data than session version 1.
SET
See SET Secure
Electronic Transaction.
set asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)
In
communications, a data link control command used to initiate data transfer in
the extended asynchronous balanced mode of operation with a remote link
station. The SABME command uses modulus 128 sequence numbers.
See also asynchronous balanced mode extended
(ABME).
set asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)
In
communications, a data link control command used to establish a data link
connection with the destination in asynchronous balanced mode. See also
asynchronous balanced mode
(ABM).
set normal response mode (SNRM)
A data
link control command that puts the link connection in normal response mode
(NRM). See also normal response mode
(NRM).
SET Secure Electronic Transaction
A specification
for securing payment card transactions over open networks such as the
Internet. SET was developed by Visa, MasterCard, IBM, and other
technology companies.
set services
In OSI, callable
services that supply optional information to the subsystem. Contrast
with action services and extract
services.
settings
In System Manager, the
values of attributes that determine how System Manager objects look and
work.
settings view
A view of an object
that provides a way to display the attributes associated with the
object. For example, using the settings view, the user can change the
areas that display in a window, such as the title or
columns.
SEU
See source entry utility
(SEU).
severity
The measurement of how
important or significant a message is. The higher the severity level,
the more severe or important the condition.
severity code
A number that
indicates how important a message is. The higher the number, the more
serious the condition.
SGML
See Standard
Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
shadow
(1) A duplication of the
Enterprise Address Book (EAB) data on another system.
(2) To duplicate Enterprise Address
Book (EAB) data from one system to another and to send EAB changes, additions,
and deletions to other systems.
(3) In the OS/2 operating system, a
link between duplicate objects. The objects can be located in different
folders. If a change is made in either the duplicate or the original,
the change takes effect in the other as well.
shadowing
The capability of a
system to copy Enterprise Address Book (EAB) data from one system to another
system and keep it up to date whenever it is changed on any system that
shadows the information in the network.
shadow log
A log of errors that
occur from the time that an initial program load starts to the time storage
management recovery ends. The log contains the latest occurring errors,
and may contain errors not found in the error
log.
shared access path
An access path
used by more than one file member to get data common to both
members.
shared file
A file whose open
data path can be shared between two or more programs processing in the same
job. See open data path
(ODP).
shared-for-read lock state
The lock
state for a file in which the file can be shared with another program if the
program does not request exclusive use of the file. The predefined
value for this lock state is
*SHRRD.
shared-for-update lock state
The lock
state for a file in which the file can be shared either for update or for read
operations with another program. The predefined value for this lock
state is *SHRUPD.
shared memory
An interprocess
communications service that provides shared memory
segments.
shared memory segment
An
interprocess communications mechanism that allows a process to directly read
data from, write data to, and share data with other processes without having
the data manipulated by the operating
system.
shared-no-update lock state
The lock
state for a file in which the file can be shared with another program if the
program requests either a shared-no-update lock state or a shared-for-read
lock state. The predefined value for this lock state is
*SHRNUP.
shared ports
One of more
communications ports on a single input/output processor using short-hold mode
on a single SDLC line description.
shared record format
A record
format that is used in more than one externally described
file.
shared storage pool
A storage
pool that can be shared by more than one subsystem. Contrast with
private storage pool.
shared-weight sort sequence
A sort
sequence in which some graphic characters in the sequence may have the same
weight as some other characters in the sequence. Those with the same
weight will sort together as if they were the same
character.
share lock
In DB2 UDB for AS/400,
a lock that limits application processes that are running concurrently to
read-only operations on row data.
sharing
In VisualAge RPG, the
sharing of source access paths to access data contents at run
time.
shear
In the GDDM function, the
forward or backward slant of a mode-3 graphics symbol or string of such
symbols relative to a line perpendicular to the baseline of the
symbol.
shell
The CICS facility that
provides an isolated area for running CICS programs without adversely
affecting other users.
shell document
In the
OfficeVision program, a prearranged document (report, letter, memo, or note)
where the user inserts variable information. An example of a shell
document is a form letter, to which the user adds the receiver's name,
address, and personal salutation.
shell script
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), a file containing shell commands. If the
file can be processed, its name can be specified as a simple command.
Processing of a shell script causes a shell to run the commands in the
script. Alternatively, a shell can be requested to run the commands in
a shell script by specifying the name of the script as the operand
sh utility.
shift
A keyboard action to allow
uppercase or other characters to be
entered.
shift control character
See
shift-in character and shift-out
character.
shift-in character
In EBCDIC, a
control character (hex 0F) that indicates the end of a string of double-byte
characters. Contrast with shift-out
character.
shift-out character
In EBCDIC, a
control character (hex 0E) that indicates the start of a string of double-byte
characters. Contrast with shift-in
character.
shim
(1) A thin, often tapered, piece
of material, such as metal, used to fill in space between things for support,
adjustment, or leveling.
(2) A part for adjusting gaps, play, or
position in a mechanism.
SHM
See short-hold mode
(SHM).
shortcut key
A key or combination
of keys that a user can press to perform an action that is available from a
menu, for example Alt+F4 = Close. See also fast
path.
short format
In binary
floating-point storage formats, the 32-bit representation of a binary
floating-point number, not-a-number, or infinity. Contrast with
long format.
short-form identifier (CCSID)
A 2-byte
binary identifier, called a coded character set identifier (CCSID). The
short-form identifier (CCSID) is used as the preferred alternative to the
long-form identifier. The CCSID is a logical index to the long-form
identifier. The range of CCSID values is 0 (X'0000') to 65535
(X'FFFF').
short frame
In Performance Tools,
a frame that has fewer bytes between its start flag and end flag than is
permitted by the data control protocol of the integrated services digital
network (ISDN).
short frame errors
In Performance
Tools, the total number of short frames received by the terminal equipment
(TE).
short-hold mode (SHM)
In SNA, a
mode specified during configuration that allows the DTE to connect or
reconnect when no data is being transmitted over an X.21
circuit-switched line, while maintaining the logical connection of the SNA
sessions across the circuit.
short interface
In query
management, the set of language-specific interfaces that allow commands to run
that do not require access to program variables. The short interface
includes the communications area, command length, and command
string.
short menus
A choice that reduces
the number of choices that appear on the
menus.
short notebook
A choice that
reduces the number of choices that appear in a
notebook.
short string
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400 SQL, a string whose actual length, or a varying-length string whose
maximum length, is 254 bytes.
SHUTC
In SNA, a command used to
complete a session.
SHUTD
In SNA, a command used to
begin an orderly end to a session.
shutdown
The process of ending a
CICS control region in a controlled way by using the CICS master terminal
command (CEMT) transaction or as a result of a system
failure.
SID
See subject identifier
(SID).
side information
In OSI,
system-defined values that are used as the initial values of certain
parameters. In OSI Communications Subsystem, side information is a
combination of (a) information in the OSI Communications Subsystem information
base, and (b) information provided by directory
service.
SIGL
A REXX special variable that
contains the line number of the last instruction that caused a jump to a
label.
signal
(1) In DCE Threads, to wake
only one thread waiting on a condition variable. See
broadcast.
(2) In POSIX, a mechanism by which a
process may be notified of an event or affected by an event occurring in the
system.
signal cable
An electrical wire
or set of wires, such as twinaxial, coaxial, or twisted pair cables to attach
devices to a computer.
signaled error
In OSI, an error
detected but not recovered by the network layer. The error is signaled
to the transport layer for action. For example, the network connection
is lost and reset to a known state, possibly with loss of data, but the
connection remains available for use. Contrast with residual
error.
signal handler
In POSIX, a
function that is registered by the application programmer to be called by the
system either synchronously or asynchronously when a signal is delivered to a
thread.
signal safe
A function, macro, or
operating system service that can be called from within a signal
handler.
signature
(1) A value that identifies
the interfaces supported by a service program. Signatures are based on
the exports and the sequence of the exports allowed from a service
program.
(2) The collection of types
associated with a method (the type of the return value, if any, as well as the
number, order, and type of each of the method's
arguments).
signature bank
A collection of
signatures. The signature emitter gets new signatures from the
signature bank.
sign condition
In COBOL, a
condition that states that the value of a data item is less than, equal to, or
greater than zero.
signed
In DCE Security,
pertaining to information that is appended to an enciphered summary of the
information. This information is used to ensure the integrity of the
data, the authenticity of the originator, and the unambiguous relationship
between the originator and the data.
significand
In binary
floating-point format, the part of a number that contains the whole number and
fraction.
significant digit
Any number of a
series of numbers that follows the farthest left number, that is not a zero,
and that is within the accuracy allowed.
simple condition
In COBOL, one of
the conditions chosen from the following set of conditions: relational
condition, class condition, condition-name condition, switch-status condition,
sign condition. See also complex condition and
conditional expression.
simple list
A list of like
values; for example, a list of user names. Contrast with
mixed list.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
(1) In
TCP/IP, an application protocol for transferring mail among users in the
internet environment. SMTP specifies the mail exchange sequences and
message format. SMTP assumes that the Transmission Control Protocol is
the underlying protocol.
(2) In the Internet
suite of protocols, an application protocol for transferring mail among users
of the Internet.
simple name
In the CDS Cell
Directory Service (CDS), one element in a CDS full name. Simple names
are separated by slashes in a full
name.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
A
protocol used by network hosts to exchange information used in the management
of networks. SNMP network management is based on the client/server
model. Each host that is to be managed runs a process called an
agent. The agent is a server process that maintains the Management
Information Base (MIB) database for the
host.
simple repetitive loop
In REXX, a
repetitive DO loop in which the repetitive phrase is an expression that
evaluates to a count of iterations.
simple symbol
In REXX, a symbol
that does not contain any periods and does not start with a digit
(0-9).
simple ticket
In DCE Security, a
ticket that contains the principal's identity, a session key, a
timestamp, and other information. See ticket, privilege
ticket, service ticket, and ticket-granting
ticket.
simplex
In AFP support,
pertaining to printing on only one side of the paper. Contrast with
duplex.
Simplified Chinese
The Chinese
character set that has been simplified by reducing the number of strokes in
common characters and deleting complicated variants. Simplified Chinese
characters are used primarily in the People's Republic of
China.
Simplified Chinese double-byte character set
An
IBM-defined double-byte character set for Simplified Chinese. It
consists of Simplified Chinese non-Chinese set, primary set, secondary set,
and up to 1,880 user-definable
characters.
Simplified Chinese non-Chinese character set
A subset
of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of non-Chinese characters, such as
Latin alphabet, Greek, Russian, Roman numeric, alphanumeric and related
symbols, Katakana, Hiragana, Japanese, special symbols, and Chinese phonetic
symbols. There are 712 characters in this
set.
Simplified Chinese primary character set
A subset
of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of commonly used Chinese
characters. There are 3,755 characters in this
set.
Simplified Chinese secondary character set
A subset
of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of less commonly used Chinese
characters. There are 3,008 characters in this
set.
simultaneous
Existing or
occurring at the same time.
sine
A trigonometric function of
mathematics.
single-byte character set (SBCS)
A coded
character set in which each character is represented by a one-byte code
point. A one-byte code point allows representation of up to 256
characters. Languages that are based on an alphabet, such as the Latin
alphabet (as contrasted with languages that are based on ideographic
characters) are usually represented by a single-byte coded character
set. For example, the Spanish language can be represented by a
single-byte coded character set. Contrast with double-byte
character set (DBCS).
single-byte coded font
In AFP
support, a font in which the characters are defined by a 1-byte code
point. A single-byte coded font has only one coded font section.
Synonymous with single-byte font. Contrast with double-byte coded
font.
single-choice selection field
A field
that contains a fixed number of choices arranged in a list in which only one
selection can be made.
single-choice selection list
A field
that contains a potentially scrollable list of choices in which only one
selection can be made.
single-phase commit
A method in
which a program can commit updates to a commitment resource without
coordinating those updates with updates the program has made to resources
controlled by another resource
manager.
single port sharing
An
arrangement for short-hold mode operation in which each port is shared by a
set of DTEs, with the restriction that all reconnection calls (recalls) must
use the same port as the first call for that logical
connection.
single precision
The
specification that causes the floating-point value to be stored (internally)
in the short format. Contrast with double
precision.
single-process installation
The
process of installing licensed programs one at a
time.
single-selection field
In Client
Access, a list from which a user can select only one
item.
single set
A single CD-ROM that
contains one licensed program or a separately orderable feature for AS/400 and
its secondary languages.
single-thread test
In CICS, a
test of a single application or transaction running by itself. Contrast
with multithread test.
SIT
See system
initialization table (SIT).
sizing border
In VisualAge RPG,
the border or frame around a control or set of controls that allows resizing
of the control by selection with the mouse or the
keyboard.
skew
(1) The position of being
slanted or tilted; oblique.
(2) The time difference between two
clocks or clock values.
skulk
In the DCE Cell Directory
Service (CDS), a process by which CDS makes the data consistent in all
replicas of a particular directory.
slice label
In the GDDM function,
the alphanumeric label that a user can assign to each slice on a pie
chart. See also spider label.
slider
A graphical representation
of a quantity and its relationship to the range of possible values for that
quantity. A user can change the value of the quantity by using the
slider.
slides
The hardware attached to
devices that move the device in and out of the rack in a drawer-like
action. Contrast with rails.
SLIP
See Serial Line
Internet Protocol (SLIP).
SLP
See Service Location
Protocol (SLP).
SLU
See secondary logical
unit (SLU).
SMAE
See systems management
application entity (SMAE).
small integer
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400, a data type indicating that the data is a binary number with a
precision of 15 bits.
SMAPP
See system-managed
access-path protection (SMAPP).
smoothness of curve
In the GDDM
function, the connection of the plotted points in a data group by a continuous
curve. On the System/370 system GDDM function, called curve
fitting.
SMS
See Software Management
Services (SMS).
SMTP
See Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
SNA
See Systems Network
Architecture (SNA).
SNA backbone
In an SNA network,
the set of all interconnected nodes that consist of 37xx products running the
Network Control Program.
SNA character string (SCS)
In SNA,
a data stream composed of EBCDIC controls, optionally intermixed with end-user
data, that is carried within a request/response
unit.
SNA distribution services (SNADS)
An IBM
asynchronous distribution service that defines a set of rules to receive,
route, and send electronic mail in a network of
systems.
SNADS
See SNA distribution
services (SNADS).
SNADS receiver
A user-configured
(using the ADDCMNE command) batch job that is started in the subsystem
specified on the communications entry when the system receives SNADS
distribution from a sending system in the SNADS network. Contrast with
SNADS sender. See also SNADS
router.
SNADS router
A system-provided
batch job that runs in the QSNADS subsystem and routes distributions to the
configured distribution queue. See also SNADS receiver and
SNADS sender.
SNADS sender
A user-configured
(by using the CFGDSTSRV command to add the SNADS distribution queue) batch job
that is started in the QSNADS subsystem, and sends distributions to another
system in the SNADS network. Contrast with SNADS
receiver. See also SNADS
router.
SNA/File Services (SNA/FS)
A service
that allows files to be fetched, moved, and stored at nodes in a SNADS
network. SNA/FS provides name structure and version identification
mechanisms that uniquely identify files in a
network.
SNA/FS
See SNA/File Services
(SNA/FS).
SNA/Management Services Transport (SNA/MS Transport)
A set of
Operating System/400 application program interfaces (APIs) that provide
support for the transport of data between network management applications
running in an APPN network and assistance in maintaining the node
relationships for network management.
SNA/MS Transport
See
SNA/Management Services Transport (SNA/MS
Transport).
SNA network
The part of the user
application network that conforms to the formats and protocols of Systems
Network Architecture. The SNA network consists of network addressable
units, boundary function parts, and the path control
network.
SNA pass-through
The AS/400
software processes through which SNA data is passed from source secondary
applications or devices to target primary applications. SNA
pass-through supports LU session types 0 through
3.
snap-in
A registered user exit
program that is defined to be called from mail server framework user exit
points. The mail server framework user exit points are referred to as
ports by the mail server framework. Systems will snap-in the programs
that are needed to operate.
snap-in provided information (SPIN)
An area
where snap-in user exit points programs can store information that other
snap-ins can use. SPIN provides a place where information relating to a
specific recipient can be stored and used by snap-ins in the same user exit
point or in different user exit points. The information that is stored
in snap-in provided information is completely user defined and interpreted
data.
SNA Primary LU2 Support (SPLS)
The
OS/400 communications support that allows 3270-type displays and 3287-type
printers to communicate with AS/400 systems through an SNA
network.
SNA remote job entry
See
remote job entry (RJE).
SNA report code
In SNA, a
registered code identifying the condition that is being
reported.
SNA upline facility (SNUF)
The
communications support that allows the AS/400 system to communicate with
CICS/VS and IMS/VS application programs on a host system. For example,
DHCF communicates with HCF and DSNX communicates with the NetView Distribution
Manager program.
SNA 3270 API
See SNA 3270
program interface.
SNA 3270 device emulation
A
function of the operating system that allows an AS/400 system to appear to the
host system as a 3274 Control
Unit.
SNA 3270 program interface
A
function that allows an application program to communicate with a System/370,
30xx, or 43xx VTAM program by sending and receiving 3270 data streams.
Formerly known as SNA 3270 API.
SNBU
See switched network
backup (SNBU).
sniffing
The practice of
monitoring or eavesdropping on electronic transmissions. Information
that is sent across the Internet might pass through many routers before it
reaches its destination. Any of those routers can sniff the
transmission and attempt to interpret the information. Passwords or
other confidential information that is sent in unencrypted form might be
discovered.
SNMP
See Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP).
SNMP agent
A server process that
resides on a network node and is responsible for communicating with managers
regarding that node. The node is represented as a managed object, which
has various fields or variables that are defined in the appropriate
MIB.
SNMP manager
A managing system
that runs a managing application or suite of applications. These
applications depend on Management Information Base (MIB) objects for
information that resides on the managed system. Managers generate
requests for this MIB information, and an SNMP agent on the managed system
responds to these requests. A request can either be the retrieval or
modification of MIB information.
SNRM
See set normal response
mode (SNRM).
SNUF
See SNA upline facility
(SNUF).
socket
(1) A method of communication
between two processes. A socket is an identifier that the application
uses to uniquely identify an end point of communications. The user
associates a protocol address with the socket by associating a socket address
with the socket.
(2) In TCP/IP, the internet address
of the host computer on which the application runs, and the port number it
uses. A TCP/IP application is identified by its
socket.
socket address
A data structure
that uniquely identifies a specific communications end point. It also
specifies the protocol family. For example, a TCP/IP socket address
consists of a port number and a host
address.
socket application programming interface (API)
An
industry standard API that provides application programs with a
connection-oriented or a connectionless transfer of data over multiple
protocols.
SOCKets Secure (SOCKS)
A mechanism
by which a secure proxy data channel can be established between two
computers.
SOCKS
See SOCKets Secure
(SOCKS).
socks server
A proxy server that
provides a secure one-way connection through a firewall to server applications
in a nonsecure network. The server applications in the secure network
must be compatible with the socket interface. "Socks" is an
abbreviation for "sockets."
softcopy
One or more files that
can be electronically distributed, manipulated, and printed by a user.
Contrast with hardcopy.
soft link
In the DCE Cell
Directory Service (CDS), a pointer that provides an alternative name for an
object entry, directory, or other soft link in the namespace. A soft
link can be permanent or it can expire after a specific period of
time.
Software Management Services (SMS)
A set of
offerings that provide the user with a consistent distribution, installation,
and service strategy for both IBM licensed programs and System
Manager-packaged programs.
SOH
See start-of-header
(SOH) character.
sort file
In COBOL, the temporary
file that contains all the records to be sorted by a SORT statement.
The sort file is created and used only by the sort
function.
sort-merge file description entry
In
COBOL, an entry in the File Section of the Data Division that is composed of
the level indicator SD, followed by a file-name, and then followed by a set of
file clauses as required.
sort sequence
The order in which
characters are arranged within the computer to sort, combine, or compare
data. A binary sort uses the internal representation of a character to
sort characters in a sequence. When you use binary representation to
sort characters, your resulting data may not be in the order that you
expect.
sort sequence table
A table
containing the order in which characters are arranged within the computer for
sorting, combining, or comparing.
sort utility
A function of the
operating system used to arrange records in a sequence determined by data
contained in one or more fields in the record.
source
In VisualAge RPG, a part
that can notify target parts whenever the state of the source part
changes. A source part can have multiple
targets.
source address
The address that
identifies the station sending the frame. Contrast with
destination address.
source data queue program
In
Client Access, a series of PC programs that allow end users or user-written
programs to manipulate data using the AS/400 data
queues.
source debugger
A tool for
debugging Integrated Language Environment (ILE) programs by displaying a
representation of their source code. Contrast with symbolic
debugger.
source directory
In VisualAge
RPG, the directory in which all source files for the VRPG application are
stored.
source distributed data manager (SDDM)
In a
distributed data management network, programming support that translates local
data management requests for remote files or SQL requests for a remote
database into a DDM request, establishes communications to the remote system
where the data file or database is located, and sends the request to the
remote (target) system for processing. Contrast with target
distributed data manager
(TDDM).
source entry utility (SEU)
A
function of the Application Development ToolSet licensed program that is used
to create and change source members.
source file
A file of programming
code that is not compiled into machine language. A source file can be
created by the specification of FILETYPE(*SRC) on the Create command. A
source file can contain source statements for such items as high-level
language programs and data description specifications. Contrast with
data file.
source listing
A portion of a
compiler listing that contains source statements and, optionally, test
results. See also compiler
listing.
source member
A member of a
database source file that contains source statements, such as ILE C,
COBOL, RPG, or DDS statements. See also
member.
source overlay
In AFP Utilities,
a file member that contains the definition of an
overlay.
source physical file
In Client
Access, a file that stores text or source statements instead of
data.
source program
(1) A set of
instructions that are written in a programming language and must be translated
to machine language before the program can be run.
(2) In communications, the
program that starts a session with a remote system. Contrast with
target program.
(3) In DB2 UDB for AS/400,
the source in an OS/400 source file member used to create an SQL
program.
source release
During software
upgrades, the VxRxMx of the installed product before a new level of the
product is installed. See also target
release.
source service access point (SSAP)
In SNA
and TCP/IP, a logical address that allows a system to send data to a remote
device from the appropriate communications support. See also
destination service access point
(DSAP).
source statement
A statement
written in symbols of a programming language. For example, COBOL, RPG,
and DDS statements are source statements.
source system
(1) In communications,
the system that issues a request to establish communications with another
system.
(2) In DDM, the system on
which an application program issues a request to use a remote file.
Contrast with target system.
(3) In upgrades, the existing
system that is being upgraded with new hardware or a new level of
software.
(4) The system that sends
information in a network of systems that exchange objects and data.
Contrast with target system.
source table
In DataPropagator
Relational, the resolved source of data for a copy. A source table can
be a user table, a consistent change data table, a base aggregate, a change
aggregate, or a change data table, depending on the applicable
source-to-target rules.
source type
In the application
development tools, a characteristic of OS/2 files or OS/400 members that
allows the user to select a subset of the files or members available in a
CoOperative Development Environment/400 session. Source types include
OS/2 files with a particular extended attribute or OS/400 members with a
particular member type.
space
(1) In DB2 UDB for AS/400, a
sequence of one or more blank characters.
(2) Any storage area that can be
directly accessed, down to its individual (8-bit) bytes, by a machine
interface user such as a program or procedure.
spacebar
A control key for the
spacing function.
spanned record
A logical record
stored in more than one block on a diskette.
SPCN
See system power
control network (SPCN).
SPDU
See session-layer
protocol data unit (SPDU).
special authority
The types of
authority a user can have to perform system functions, including all object
authority, save system authority, job control authority, security
administrator authority, spool control authority, service authority, and
system configuration authority. See also user class.
Contrast with specific
authority.
special character
(1) A character
other than a digit, a letter, or $, #, @, ., or _. For
example, *, +, and % are special characters.
(2) In COBOL, a character
that is neither numeric nor alphabetic.
(3) In REXX, a token that
acts as a delimiter when found outside a literal string. Special
characters include the comma (,), semicolon (;), colon (:), right
parenthesis ()), left parenthesis ((), and the individual characters from the
operators.
special-character keyboard set
In Client
Access, an optional keyboard set, used by Western European countries and the
Americas, that contains special characters like the Spanish tilde or the
international currency symbol.
special-character word
In COBOL,
a reserved word that is an arithmetic operator or a relational
character.
special register
(1) In COBOL,
compiler-created data items used to store information produced by specific
COBOL features (for example, the DEBUG-ITEM special
register).
(2) A storage area whose
primary use is to store information produced in conjunction with the use of
specific SQL functions. The DB2 UDB for AS/400 special registers can be
(named) USER, CURRENT SERVER, CURRENT TIMESTAMP, CURRENT TIME, CURRENT DATE,
and CURRENT TIMEZONE.
special variable
In REXX, a
variable set automatically by the language processor. Special variables
are RC, RESULT, and SIGL.
specific
In DCE X/Open Object
Management (XOM), the attribute types that can appear in an instance of a
given class, but not in an instance of its
superclasses.
specific authority
The types of
authority a user can be given to use the system resources, including object
authorities and data authorities. See also object authority
and data authority. Contrast with special
authority.
specific poll
One of the
locations on a polling list. See polling
list.
specific polling
In Managed
System Services, a type of polling used by the topology manager when
collecting topology information for a particular system in the
network.
Spec 1170
A series of system
interfaces, headers, and utilities. Spec 1170 is a superset (with some
changes) of the POSIX 1003.1 and POSIX 1003.2 standards.
Spec 1170 is also a superset of XPG4 Base. It includes sockets, the
SVID real-time model for interprocess communications, and miscellaneous
interfaces.
spell aid
A document proofreading
function that replaces a misspelled word when the correct spelling is chosen
from a list of similarly spelled words provided by the system from one or more
dictionaries.
spell check
In the OfficeVision
program, a document proofreading function that verifies that a word is spelled
correctly by checking for it in one or more dictionaries on the
system.
spelling dictionary
In the
OfficeVision program, a list of words used to verify word choices and to
verify and correct spelling when the document spell-check function is used,
and to provide hyphenation breaks for words when the automatic hyphenation
function is used. Users may also create their own spelling
dictionaries. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*SPADCT. See also user
dictionary.
spell mode
The method of
operation that uses spell aid and spell check functions to proofread and
replace words in a document.
sphere of control
In SNA, a
collection of network node control points for which another system is acting
as a focal point. This collection includes both control points
explicitly defined by the customer, if the controlling system is a primary
focal point, and control points assumed by the system if the controlling
system is a default focal point.
SPI
(1) System program
interface. A private interface that is reserved for use by other
systems within a system, but not available to the application code.
Contrast with application program interface
(API).
(2) See Security Policy Index
(SPI).
(3) In DCE Remote Procedure Call (RPC),
stub program interface. A private RPC run-time interface whose routines
are unavailable to the application code.
spider label
In the GDDM
function, a label used to add a comment or a note for a pie-chart
slice. Each label is joined to its associated slice by a
line.
SPIN
See snap-in provided
information (SPIN).
spin button
A type of entry field
that shows a scrollable ring of choices from which a user can select a
choice. After the last choice is displayed, the first choice is
displayed again. A user can also type a choice from the scrollable ring
into the entry field without interacting with the spin
button.
split display
In OfficeVision and
SEU, a display that allows a user to see two members or documents at the same
time, one at the top and one at the bottom of the display; a display that
allows a user to look at records from one file at the top of the display and
look at records from another file or from a spooled file at the bottom of the
display; a display that allows the user to change records in the file
being displayed at the top of the display and look at records from another
file or spooled file at the bottom of the
display.
splitting
In OSI, the technique
of a single transport connection using multiple network connections so that an
application entity can use more than one line to send data on an
association. Splitting can increase data throughput and resistance to
network failure. It might be used, for example, to send a large file
more quickly than if a single line were used. Splitting is available
only with transport layer class 4.
SPLS
See SNA Primary LU2
Support (SPLS).
spoofing
An attempt to access
your system by pretending to be a system that you normally trust. The
would-be intruder sets up a client system with an IP address that you
trust.
spool
(1) The system function of
putting files or jobs into disk storage for later processing or
printing.
(2) To reduce, through the use of
auxiliary storage as buffer storage, processing delays when transferring data
between peripheral equipment and the processors of a
computer.
spool control authority
A special
authority that allows the user to perform spooling functions, such as display,
delete, hold, and release spooled files on the output queue for himself and
other users. This authority also allows the user to change the spooled
file attributes, such as the printer used to print the file. See also
all object authority, save system authority, job
control authority, security administrator authority,
service authority, system configuration authority, and
user class.
spooled file
A file that holds
output data waiting to be processed, such as information waiting to be
printed. Also known as spooled output
file.
spooled output file
See
spooled file.
spooling job
A batch job that is
started by the spooling subsystem.
spooling reader
The general name
to refer to the function of the diskette reader and the database
reader.
spooling subsystem
A part of the
system that provides the operating environment for the programs that read jobs
onto job queues to wait for processing and write files from an output queue to
an output device. IBM supplies one spooling subsystem:
QSPL.
spooling writer
The general name
to refer to the function of the diskette writer and printer
writer.
SPX
See Sequenced Packet
Exchange (SPX) protocol.
SQL
See Structured Query
Language (SQL).
SQLAM
See SQL application
manager (SQLAM).
SQL application manager (SQLAM)
A
function that represents an application to the remote relational database
manager. The SQL application manager can be present in both an
application requester and an application server.
SQLCA
See SQL communication
area (SQLCA).
SQL communication area (SQLCA)
A set of
variables that are used by SQL to provide an application program with
information about the processing of SQL statements within the
program.
SQLDA
See SQL descriptor
area (SQLDA).
SQL descriptor area (SQLDA)
A set of
variables that are used in the processing of certain SQL statements.
The SQLDA is intended for dynamic SQL programs.
SQL query
In query management, a
type of query that is created by running an IMPORT command against a file
containing an SQL statement.
SRC
See system reference
code (SRC).
SRCB
See subrecord control
byte (SRCB).
S reference point
In Performance
Tools, the interface (including the cable) between the terminal equipment (TE)
and network termination 2 (NT2). See also T reference point
and S/T interface.
SRM
See system resources
manager (SRM).
SRM database object
See
system resource management (SRM) database
object.
SS
See
start-stop (SS).
SSAP
(1) See source service
access point (SSAP).
(2) In OSI, see session-layer
service access point (SSAP).
SSAP selector
In OSI, an external
identifier for a service access point at the session layer. The SSAP
selector is part of a presentation address.
SSCP
See system services
control point (SSCP).
SSCP ID
In SNA, a number uniquely
identifying a system services control point. The SSCP ID is used in
requests sent to physical units and to other system services control
points.
SSDU
See session-layer
service data unit (SSDU).
SSL
See Secure Sockets Layer
(SSL).
SSP
See System Support
Program (SSP) Product.
SST
See system service tools
(SST).
stale
In the Application
Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed
program, pertaining to a part whose source and related parts have changed
since the part was last built. Contrast with
current.
stand-alone dump
A printout of
main storage requested separately from normal system operations, which does
not require the system to be in a condition for normal
operations.
stand-alone system
A system that
runs application programs independently of another system. The exchange
of data files or applications with another system is done manually, through
portable media, such as diskette or tape.
standard
In OSI, a synonym for
international standard.
standard data format
In COBOL,
the format in which data is described as it appears when it is printed rather
than how it is stored in the
computer.
standard error (STDERR)
An output
file intended to be used for error messages for C
programs.
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
A syntax
for markup languages that formalizes markup and frees it of system and
processing dependencies.
standard input (STDIN)
An input
file intended to be used for primary data input into a C
program.
standard output (STDOUT)
An output
file intended to be used for primary data output for C
programs.
standard set
A group of CD-ROMs
that contains the OS/400 program, no-charge options, and no-charge licensed
programs.
start-control-program-function (SCPF) job
A job
used during a portion of the initial program load process that starts the
operating system.
starter set
In the OSI
Communications Subsystem licensed program, the subset of the programming
interface that can be used by customer programs that use simplified data
communications.
start-of-header (SOH) character
In
binary synchronous communications, the transmission control character
indicating that the information that follows is a
header.
start-of-text (STX) character
In binary
synchronous communications, a transmission control character used to begin a
logical set of records that will be ended by the end-of-text character or
end-of-transmission-block character.
start-stop (SS)
Pertaining to
asynchronous communications line control that uses start signals and stop
signals to control the transfer of data over a communications line.
Each group of signals representing a character is preceded by a start signal
and followed by a stop signal.
STARTUP.CMD
The command
file that contains OS/2 commands or program names that are automatically run
immediately after the OS/2 program is loaded on a personal
computer.
state
The attribute of a program
that determines the domain of objects it can access directly. See also
domain, system domain object, user domain
object, system state program, and user state
program.
state change
(1) In the OSI
Communications Subsystem licensed program, a change in the status of an
application entity or association--for example, an application entity
changing from activated to deactivated. See also application
entity states and association states.
(2) In the OSI Communications
Subsystem licensed program, an event that indicates that a resource--such
as a line--has had a change in status. State change events are
logged and generate a message to the operator.
statement
An instruction in a
program.
state transition
In telephony,
the act of moving from one telephone call state to
another.
static data
Data that is stored
in static storage. Contrast with automatic
data.
static NAT (network address translation)
A one-to-one
mapping of IP addresses that allows a user to map an IP address on an internal
network to an IP address that is to be made public. If static NAT is
used, traffic can initiate from either side of the connection. See also
masquerade NAT (network address translation) and network
address translation (NAT)
static procedure call
A
high-level language (HLL) call statement that specifies the name of an
Integrated Language Environment (ILE) procedure to be called. Contrast
with dynamic program call.
static program call
A connection
among programs during binding (program creation time). See also
binding, bound program, and service
program.
static route
A route between
hosts, between networks, or between a host and a network, that is entered into
a routing table.
static SQL
SQL statements that
are embedded within a program, and are prepared during the program preparation
process before the program is run. After being prepared, the statement
itself does not change (although values of host variables specified by the
statement might change).
static storage
An area that is
allocated by the system when a program is activated. Static storage
exists as long as the program activation exists. If the program has not
been deactivated, the values in the storage persist from one call to
another. Contrast with automatic
storage.
station address
A 2-character
hexadecimal value from 01 to FE. For a primary controller, it is called
the SDLC station address; for a secondary controller, it is called the
remote system address.
station protector
A device
attached to the system cable to protect work stations attached in different
buildings from lightning.
statistical event
In OSI, an
event counted for a specific purpose. Statistical events are logged but
do not generate a message to the operator.
status
The condition or state of
hardware or software, usually represented by a status
code.
status area
A part of a window
that displays information indicating the state of the current view of an
object.
status bar
In Client Access for
Windows, the part of a window that displays information indicating the current
state of that window's content.
status line
A line at the top of
a display that contains information about a document and current operations,
including an audit window, the document name, and page and line
number.
STDERR
See standard error
(STDERR).
STDIN
See standard input
(STDIN).
STDOUT
See standard output
(STDOUT).
stem
In REXX, that part of a
compound symbol up to and including the first period. It contains just
one period, which is the last character. It cannot start with a digit
or a period. A reference to a stem can also be used to manipulate all
variables sharing that stem.
step
To cause a computer to run
one operation.
S/T interface
In Performance
Tools, the interface at the S and T reference points defined in the reference
model of the integrated services digital network (ISDN). When there is
no network termination 2 (NT2), the S and T reference points become one S/T
point. Contrast with S reference point and T reference
point.
stop code
In the OfficeVision
program, a position marked in a document where you can insert variable
information.
stop word list
In OfficeVision
text search, a list of words that are discarded during linguistic processing
and not added to the text index. The words are usually the most
frequently used words for a language.
storage area network (SAN)
The connectivity
of multiple systems that attach to a single storage device.
storage control
In CICS, a
facility that controls requests for main storage to provide intermediate work
areas not automatically provided by
CICS.
storage device controller
See
magnetic storage device
controller.
storage device subsystem
A part
of the computer consisting of the controller and one or more attached storage
devices.
storage location
In Backup
Recovery and Media Services, a place where media and containers can be stored
awaiting expiration or movement to another location such as off-site storage,
vaults, or long-term (permanent) retention. Backup Recovery and Media
Services has two predefined locations that can be overridden by the
user: 1) *HOME, the system keyword for the on-site library (or home
location); and 2) VAULT, a default storage location that refers to the
default off-site storage
location.
storage management recovery
A
function that prepares the system to access data from all disk units
configured to the system.
storage pool
A logical division
of storage reserved for processing a job or group of
jobs.
store
To put or keep data in a
storage device.
store and forward
The temporary
storing of packets, messages, or frames in a data network before they are
retransmitted toward their destination.
store controller
See retail
controller.
stream
In the C language, a
sequence of data that is conceptually read and written one character at a
time.
stream file
(1) A file that contains
continuous streams of bits such as PC files, documents, and other data stored
in AS/400 folders.
(2) A file containing a
continuous stream of data. Stream files are well suited for storing
strings of data such as the text of a document, images, audio, and
video. The content and format of stream files are managed by the
application rather than by the system.
streaming
A method of writing and
reading data on magnetic tape as continuous fields without record
boundaries.
stream mode
A method of sending
and receiving data in which records are defined as a stream of data without
boundaries.
strikeover
A character entered in
a space currently occupied by another character.
string
(1) A group of auxiliary
storage devices connected in a series on the system. The order and
location in which each device is connected to the system determines the
physical address of the device.
(2) A sequence of elements of the
same nature, such as characters considered as a whole. (T)
(3) In REXX, a sequence of elements
of the same nature, such as characters considered as a whole; for
example, character string, binary string, and hexadecimal string.
(4) In SQL, a character
string.
string concatenation
(1) In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), an ordered sequence of bits, octets,
or characters, accompanied by the string's length.
(2) In REXX, an
operation that joins two characters or strings in the order specified, forming
one string whose length is equal to the sum of the lengths of the two
characters or strings.
string control byte
In MTAM and
RJE, a control character in the SNA character string that identifies how user
data is compressed.
string delimiter
A symbol used to
enclose an SQL string constant. This symbol is the apostrophe (')
except in COBOL application programs, where the symbol (apostrophe or
quotation mark) is assigned by the user.
strong export
An export that
allows only one definition of an external symbol to be used by the
binder. The first definition in the binder search is chosen, and
duplicate definitions are discarded. The binder always chooses a strong
export over a weak export for the same symbol. Contrast with weak
export.
structure
In the C language, a
variable that contains an ordered group of data objects. Unlike an
array, the data objects within a structure can have varied data
types.
structure attributes
In OSI,
keywords and syntax that tell the Abstract Syntax Checker how to build the
data structures.
structured field
In AFP support,
a self-identifying string of bytes and its data or
parameters.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
A
language that can be used within host programming languages or interactively
to put information into a database and to get and organize selected
information from a database. SQL can also control access to database
resources. See also DB2 UDB Query Manager and SQL Development
Kit).
structured type
In OSI, an
ASN.1 type defined by reference to one or more other ASN.1
types.
stub procedure
In transport
independent remote procedure call (TI-RPC) programming, a functional subset of
procedures that is needed to implement a client or server
protocol.
stub programming interface
In DCE
Remote Procedure Call (RPC), a private run-time interface whose routines are
unavailable to application code.
STX
See start-of-text (STX)
character.
subaddress
An extension of an
ISDN address used to identify individual users, processors, or groups of users
within a large group of users or processors that are identified by a single
network number. See also
address.
subagent
An extension to an SNMP
agent that permits a user to dynamically add, or in some cases replace,
additional management variables in the local MIB, thereby providing a means of
extending the range of information that network managers may
access.
subarea
A portion of the SNA
network consisting of a subarea node, attached peripheral nodes, and
associated resources. Within a subarea node, all network addressable
units (NAUs), links, and adjacent link stations in attached peripheral or
subarea nodes that are addressable within the subarea share a common subarea
address and have distinct element addresses.
subarea node
In SNA, a type 4 or
type 5 node that uses network addresses for routing and whose routing tables
are, therefore, affected by changes in the configuration of the
network. Subarea nodes can provide boundary function support for
peripheral nodes. See also peripheral
node.
subclass
(1) In Java, a class that is
derived from a particular class, perhaps with one or more classes in between
the class and subclass. See also superclass and
supertype.
(2) In DCE X/Open Object
Management, one of the classes whose attribute types are a superset of those
of another class.
subdirectory
(1) A user-defined
directory on the personal computer. See also root
directory. Contrast with folder.
(2) A directory contained
within another directory.
subdomain
A domain that makes up
a part of a larger domain.
subfield
In RPG, the layout of a
field within a data structure.
subfile
A group of records of the
same record format that can be displayed at the same time at a display
station. The system sends the entire group of records to the display in
a single operation and receives the group from the display in another
operation.
subfile control record format
One of
two record formats required to define a subfile in DDS. The subfile
control record format describes the size of the subfile and the size of the
subfile page, and is used by the program to write the subfile to and read the
subfile from the display. See also subfile record
format.
subfile record format
One of two
record formats required to define a subfile in DDS. The subfile record
format defines the fields in a subfile record and is used by the program to
perform input, output, and update operations to the subfile. See also
subfile control record format.
subfolder
A folder that is in
another folder. For example, if folder A contains folder B and folder B
contains folder C, then B and C are subfolders of A because the folder path
for each begins with A (A/B/C). See also folder path and
root folder.
subject identifier (SID)
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a string that identifies a user or a
set of users.
subkeyword
In REXX, a symbol
reserved by the language processor within the clause of individual
instructions. For example, the symbol FOREVER is a subkeyword of the DO
instruction.
sublayer
In OSI, a subdivision
within a layer. (I)
subnet
(1) An interconnected, but
independent segment of a network that is identified by its Internet Protocol
(IP) address.
(2) To divide a network into smaller
interconnected, but independent subgroups.
subnet address
An extension of
the internet addressing scheme by which a single internet address can be used
for multiple physical networks.
subnet mask
A bit template that
identifies to the TCP/IP protocol code which bits of the host address are used
for routing to specific subnets. A subnet mask has more 1 bits than the
corresponding class mask for a given Internet Protocol (IP)
address.
subnet value
The bit template
that identifies to the TCP/IP protocol code which host or hosts are defined by
this route. This bit template must be a subset of the subnet
mask.
subnetwork
(1) The communications
media that join two network nodes together.
Note:
A subnetwork is a representation within the OSI reference model of a real
network, such as a carrier network, a private network, or a local area network
(LAN). (I)
(2) A distinct partitioned piece
of an internet network represented by two or more sets of addresses that are
subsets of the network's range of
addresses.
subnetwork address
In OSI, a DTE
address.
subnetwork mask
A bit mask of 32
bits that defines the particular subnetwork to which an interface
attaches.
subobject
In DCE X/Open Object
Management (XOM), an object that is in a subordinate relationship to a given
object.
subordinate
In the DCE X/Open
Directory Service (XDS), and in the DCE X/Open Object Management (XOM) for the
Directory Information Tree (DIT), an entry whose distinguished name includes
that of another as a prefix.
subprogram
A called
program. A subprogram is combined with the calling program at run time
to produce a run unit and is below the calling program in the call
stack.
subquery
In SQL, a subselect
within a search condition that refers to a value or set of values needed for
the first query to be answered. A subquery can include search
conditions of its own, and these search conditions can, in turn, include
subqueries.
subrecord control byte (SRCB)
In MTAM
and RJE, a control character used to provide additional information about a
record.
subroutine
(1) A group of
instructions within another group of instructions that can be called by a
program or another subroutine.
(2) In data communications, a
group of statements in a program that can be run several times in that
program.
(3) In REXX, an internal,
built-in, or external routine called by the CALL instruction that may or may
not return a result string. If a subroutine returns a result string, a
subroutine can also be called by a function call, in which case it is being
called as a function.
(4) In RPG, a group of
calculation specification statements in a program that can be run several
times in that program.
subscriber
In DataPropagator
Relational, a person who defines a copy request from a registered base table
to a target table.
subscript
(1) A symbol, number, or
letter written immediately below and to the right or left of another
character. For example, the number 2 in the chemical formula for water,
H2O, is a subscript.
(2) In COBOL, a positive number or
variable whose value refers to a particular item in a
table.
subscripted data-name
In COBOL, a
data name that is made unique with a
subscript.
subscription
In DataPropagator
Relational, the act of requesting a periodic refresh of a target
table.
subscription definition
In
DataPropagator Relational, the specification of the source table, target
table, and control information that governs a refresh or update
operation. The subscription definition may designate that either all of
the changes be copied or only the changes for a selected set of columns and
rows be copied.
subselect
In SQL, that form of
the SELECT statement that does not include ORDER BY or UNION
operators.
substitution character
A unique
character that is substituted during character conversion for any characters
in the source coding representation that do not have a match in the target
coding representation.
substitution string
A specified
string of characters that replaces a string of characters that were located by
a scan operation.
substitution variable
A variable
used to pass information, such as a file name, for use in a
message.
substring
A part of a character
string.
subsystem
An operating
environment, defined by a subsystem description, where the system coordinates
processing and resources.
subsystem description
A system
object that contains information defining the characteristics of an operating
environment controlled by the system. The system-recognized identifier
for the object type is *SBSD.
subsystem information base
In OSI, an
information base that specifies configuration information. The
subsystem information base is built mostly by the Administrative Facility and
used by OSI Communications Subsystem to control its own operations and network
operations.
subtree
A section of a directory
hierarchy, which is also called a directory "tree." The subtree
typically starts at a particular directory and includes all subdirectories and
objects below that directory in the directory hierarchy; that is, any
subdirectories or objects connected to the directory or to any lower level of
its subdirectories.
subtype
In Java, if type X
extends or implements type Y, then X is a subtype of Y. See also
supertype.
summary math
In the OfficeVision
program, text instructions that request calculations on columns or rows of
numbers.
summary records
In Client Access,
an operation that allows a user to specify that only summary information be
transferred instead of entire records.
summary report
In Query, a report
that contains only summary information, such as the total, average, minimum,
maximum, or count by a query. Contrast with detail
report.
superclass
(1) In Java, a class from
which a particular class is derived, perhaps with one or more classes in
between. See also subclass and subtype.
(2) In DCE X/Open Object
Management (XOM), one of the classes, designated as such, whose attribute
types are a subset of those of another class.
superior
In the DCE X/Open
Directory Service, in the Directory Information Tree (DIT), an entry whose
distinguished name is included as a prefix of the distinguished name of
another. Each entry has exactly one immediate
superior.
supernet mask
A bit template that
identifies to the TCP/IP code which bits of the host address are used for
routing to specific subnets. A subnet mask has fewer 1 bits than the
corresponding class mask for a given Internet Protocol (IP)
address.
superobject
In DCE X/Open Object
Management (XOM), an object that is in a superior relationship to a given
object.
superscript
A symbol, number, or
letter written immediately above and to the right or left of another
character. For example, a footnote can be identified in text with a
superscript number. Contrast with
subscript.
supertype
In Java, all the
interfaces and classes that are extended or implemented by that type.
See also subtype and
superclass.
supervisory
Pertaining to a frame
format that performs data link control functions such as acknowledging
information frames, requesting retransmission, and requesting temporary
suspension of transmission. Receive ready (RR), receive not ready
(RNR), and reject (REJ) are examples of supervisory frame
formats.
supplemental group
One or more
group profiles of which the user is a member. The user's first
group profile is specified in the group profile (GRPPRF) parameter of the user
profile. Supplemental group profiles are specified in the supplemental
group profile (SUPGRPPRF) parameter of the group
profile.
supplementary services
See
Q.932.
supplier system
For directory
shadowing, a system that provides initial or changed Enterprise Address Book
(EAB) data to a collector system in a network. Contrast with
collector system.
suppression
In AFP support, the
electronic equivalent of the "spot carbon," which prevents selected data
from being printed on certain copies.
surface chart
In the GDDM
function, a chart similar to a line chart, except that no markers appear, and
the areas between successive lines are
shaded.
surface graph
In Performance
Tools, a graph similar to a line graph, except that no markers appear, and the
areas between successive lines are shaded.
SVC
See switched virtual
circuit (SVC).
swab
Cotton attached to the end
of a small stick. Used to clean dirt particles or lint from an
area.
swapped
When using the REXX
REVERSE function, pertaining to a process that exchanges the values in the
input string by reversing their positions.
swapper
A system file used by the
OS/2 operating system for implementation of the virtual
memory.
sweep
In AFP support, the
movement around an arc from the center point of the
arc.
switch back
In a remote journal
network, to direct clustering functions to allow the primary system to
reassume its role from a previously promoted backup system.
switch-back
In a remote journal
network, pertaining to the processing that is performed by a hot-backup
application to allow the primary system to reassume its role from a previously
promoted backup system.
switched line
In data
communications, a connection between computers or devices that is established
by dialing. Contrast with nonswitched
line.
switched network backup (SNBU)
A modem
feature that allows a nonswitched line to be used alternatively as a switched
line or allows a switched line to be used as a nonswitched line depending on
the characteristics of the
modem.
switched virtual circuit (SVC)
(1) A
virtual circuit that is requested by a virtual call. It is released
when the virtual circuit is cleared. Contrast with permanent
virtual circuit (PVC).
(2) In OSI, a
virtual circuit that is requested by a virtual call. It is released
when the virtual circuit is cleared.
(3) In OSI, a
temporary association between two DTEs that is initiated when one DTE makes a
call request to the network.
switch over
In a remote journal
network, to direct clustering functions to change all uses of a cluster
resource to a backup node that becomes the new primary access point of the
resource.
switchover
(1) In a remote journal
network, pertaining to the processing that is performed by a hot-backup
application to logically promote a backup system to assume the role of a
primary system.
(2) A cluster event where the
primary database server or application server switches over to a backup system
due to the manual intervention from the cluster management
interface.
switchover order
The defined
relationship among the primary and backup nodes in a recovery
domain.
syllable hyphen
In the
OfficeVision program, a hyphen used to divide a word at the end of a
line; it may be removed when the OfficeVision program adjusts
lines. Contrast with required
hyphen.
symbol
In REXX, any combination
of alphabetic or numeric characters (A-Z, a-z, or 0-9) and the characters @,
#, $, ¢, ., !, ?, and _.
symbolic debugger
A tool that
aids in the debugging of programs written in certain high-level
languages. Contrast with source
debugger.
symbolic destination name
In the
OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a name by which an application
entity identifies to OSI Communications Subsystem the peer application entity
with which it is to communicate. OSI Communications Subsystem uses the
symbolic destination name to determine (a) the presentation address of the
peer application entity, and (b) the application mode to be used on the
association.
symbolic link
A representation of
a path name that is in the form of a path contained in a file. The
actual path is determined by doing a path search based on the contents of the
file. Symbolic links can cross file systems. A symbolic link can
exist without pointing to an object that exists. An existing object can
be deleted without removing the symbolic link. Also called a soft
link. Contrast with hard
link.
symbolic name
(1) A unique name used
to identify such things as a field, file, data structure, or label within an
RPG program.
(2) A string composed of
characters from the ISO 646 code set that is used in locales to represent a
character.
symbol resolution
In ILE, the
process the binder uses to match unresolved imports from the set of modules to
be bound by copy with the set of exports provided by the specified modules and
service programs.
symbol set
In Business Graphics
Utility, a supplied character set used for text strings on charts; for
example, headings, legend text, labels, and notes.
SYN
See synchronization
(SYN) character.
synchronization
(1) In commitment
control, the process of ensuring that all commitment resources are either
committed or rolled back to the same commitment boundary after an abnormal
end.
(2) In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), the process by which a Distributed Time Service
(DTS) entity requests clock values from other systems, computes a new time
from the values, and adjusts its system clock to the new
time.
synchronization list
In the DCE
Distributed Time Service (DTS), the list of servers that a DTS entity has
discovered. The entity sends requests for clock values to the servers
on the list.
synchronization point
(1) In APPC, a
reference point during transaction processing to which resources can be
restored if a failure occurs.
(2) In OSI, a point to
which a session can be reset. Setting a synchronization point requires
the appropriate token. Synchronization points are a session-layer
service. See also major synchronization point and minor
synchronization point.
synchronization (SYN) character
In
binary synchronous communications, the transmission control character that
provides a signal to the receiving station for timing the characters
received.
synchronize/minor token
In OSI, a
session layer token that controls the insertion of minor synchronization
points.
synchronous data link control (SDLC)
(1) A form
of communications line control that uses commands to control the transfer of
data over a communications line.
(2) A
communications discipline conforming to subsets of the Advanced Data
Communication Control Procedures (ADCCP) of the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) of the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO), for transferring synchronous,
code-transparent, serial-by-bit information over a communications line.
Transmission exchanges may be duplex or half-duplex over switched or
nonswitched lines. The configuration of the connection may be
point-to-point, multipoint, or loop.
synchronous disk I/O
In
Performance Tools, a disk access operation that must complete before program
operation can continue. Contrast with asynchronous disk
I/O.
synchronous level
In finance
communications, a level at which a logical unit (LU) determines if it can
allocate and deallocate system
resources.
synchronous messaging
A method
for communication between programs in which the requester waits for a reply
before resuming its own processing. Contrast with time-independent
messaging.
synchronous processing
A series
of operations that are done as part of the job in which they were
requested; for example, calling a program in an interactive job at a work
station. Contrast with asynchronous
processing.
synchronous read
In the capacity
planning tool, a read operation that has to be done immediately because the
program cannot proceed until the request is satisfied. The program
retrieves the information that it needs from disk because the information is
not in main storage. The two types of synchronous reads are database
and nondatabase. A database synchronous read retrieves the piece of
data it needs. A nondatabase synchronous read retrieves the piece of
the program it needs to resume program processing. In BEST/1,
synchronous reads are interpreted as page faults. See page
fault.
synchronous transmission
A method
of transmission in which the sending and receiving of data is controlled by
timing signals. Contrast with asynchronous
transmission.
syncpoint
An intermediate or end
point during processing of a transaction at which the transaction's
protected resources are consistent. At a syncpoint, changes to the
resources can safely be committed, or they can be backed out to the previous
syncpoint.
sync point manager
The component
of the operating environment that coordinates and carries out commit and
rollback operations among protected resources.
synonym
One of two or more words
of the same language that have the same or nearly the same
meaning.
synonym aid
A document
proofreading function that replaces a given word with one having a similar
meaning that the user chooses from a list of synonyms provided by a
dictionary.
syntactic analysis
In CoOperative
Development Environment/400, a compiler analysis of a program to determine the
structure of the program and whether it is valid for a given programming
language.
syntax
(1) The rules for constructing
a command or statement. Contrast with semantics.
(2) In the Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE), a category into which an attribute value is placed on the
basis of its form.
(3) In DCE X/Open Object Management
(XOM), any of the various categories into which the OM specification
statically groups values on the basis of their form. These categories
are in addition to the OM type of the value.
(4) In REXX, the rules for the
construction of a command or program.
syntax checker
The component of
CoOperative Development Environment/400 that performs syntactic
analysis. See also syntactic
analysis.
syntax checking
A function of the
system, a compiler, the CoOperative Development Environment/400 syntax
checker, or SEU that checks individual statements for errors in their
structure.
syntax template
In DCE X/Open
Object Management, a lexical construct containing an asterisk from which
several attribute syntaxes can be derived by substituting text for the
asterisk.
syntax tree listing
In OSI, a
report produced by the Abstract Syntax Checker that lists the order and
hierarchical relationships of presentation data values (PDVs) and data
structures--and shows the associated type
assignments.
system
In data processing, a
collection of people, machines, and methods organized to accomplish a set of
specific functions.
system administrator
In OSI, a
person who controls how the open system resources of a system or enterprise
are used.
system area network (SAN)
The connectivity
of multiple systems with the characteristic of high-performance communications
and thus an implied short distance between nodes in the network.
system ASP
The auxiliary storage
pool where system programs and system data reside. It can also include
user programs and user data. The system ASP (ASP1) always
exists. See also auxiliary storage pool (ASP) and user
ASP.
system-command input queue
In
MQSeries, a local queue on which application programs can put MQM
commands. The commands are retrieved from the queue by the command
server, which validates them and passes them to the command processor to be
run.
system configuration list
A list
of devices that are provided with the
system.
system configuration special authority
A special
authority that allows the user to make changes to system configuration
information, such as communications definitions. See also all
object authority, job control authority, save system
authority, security administrator authority, service
authority, spool control authority, and user
class.
system console
See
console.
system date
The date assigned in
the system values when the system is started. See also creation
date and job date.
system description
A description
of the system that should include the full name and version identification of
the hardware type for the system, the software operating system, and the
networking software.
system distribution directory
A list
of user IDs and identifying information, such as network addresses, used to
send distributions.
system domain object
An object on
the system that can be accessed only by a system state program. The
object types that can be either system domain or user domain are:
*USRSPC, *USRIDX, *USRQ, *PGM, *SQLPKG. All other object types are
system domain. See also user domain object, user state
program, and system state
program.
system group
In SNADS, the second
part of a system name in the system distribution
directory.
system initialization table (SIT)
A table
containing parameters used to start a CICS control
region.
system input/output bus
A set of hardware
components that provide the physical path and logical protocol through which
input/output (I/O) processors and I/O adapters communicate with system
processors and main storage.
system job
A batch job created by
the OS/400 program to control system resources and to schedule
jobs.
system library
The library
shipped with the system that contains objects, such as authorization lists and
device descriptions created by a user, and the system commands and other
system objects required to run the system. The system identifier is
QSYS.
system-managed access-path protection (SMAPP)
An
AS/400 function that allows a user to specify a goal for the maximum amount of
time the system should use to recover access paths after an abnormal system
end. The system automatically protects access paths so that they can be
recovered within the time specified. See also access path
journaling.
System Manager
The IBM licensed
program that provides the capability for an AS/400 system in a network to
function as a service provider for other AS/400 systems in the
network.
System menu
The pull-down menu
containing choices that affect the window or the view it contains.
Synonymous with Control
menu.
System-menu symbol
A symbol,
shaped like a spacebar, in the farthest left corner of the title bar.
It represents the window. The pull-down menu from this symbol contains
choices that affect the window or the view it
contains.
system monitor
In finance
communications, a 4700 controller program used to perform service,
configuration, and debugging functions on that
controller.
system name
(1) An IBM-supplied name
that uniquely identifies the system. It is used as a network value for
certain communications applications such as APPC.
(2) An IBM-defined name that has
a predefined meaning to the COBOL compiler. System names include
computer names, language names, device names, and function
names.
system object
A machine object
classification. Any of the machine objects shipped with the system or
any of the operating system objects created by the
system.
system operator message queue
A special
message queue to which the system sends messages regarding changes in the
status of the system, devices, and jobs, and messages indicating a condition
that needs operator intervention. This message queue is identified by
the name QSYSOPR.
system pointer
A pointer that
contains addressability to a machine interface system
object.
system policy
In Backup Recovery
and Media Services, a policy that defines the overall default controls and
values to be used by Backup Recovery and Media Services. These values
can be defaulted to, or overridden by, the backup policy, archive policy,
media policies, or move
policies.
system power control network (SPCN)
An
asynchronous serial communications network. SPCN connects the power
system in participating components to the operating system and can report
critical changes and power failures in those components to the operating
system. SPCN gives the operating system control of electrical
power.
system processor
The logic that
contains the processor function to translate and process the OS/400 control
language commands and programming language statements. See also
service processor.
system profile
In the
OfficeVision program, the text profile named SYSTEM that contains formatting
and editing options to be used for creating
documents.
system programming commands
Commands
used to monitor and change parameters within a CICS control
region.
system programming interface (SPI)
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a private interface reserved for use
by other services within a system and not available to application
code. Contrast with application program interface
(API).
system reference code (SRC)
The
characters that identify the name of the unit that detected the condition and
the reference code that describes the
condition.
System Request key
A key that
allows the user to start another interactive job at the user's
workstation. The user can then use the System Request key to switch
back and forth between jobs. An alternative job can be particularly
useful for doing another task or viewing information without having to leave
other work.
system resource management (SRM) database object
In the
system resource management (SRM) database, a repository of information about
the hardware of the system. This information includes vital product
data (VPD) from self-reporting hardware and additional topology and location
information provided by manufacturing, service representatives, and
users. This repository is carried out by system data space and index
objects and provides a means for users to manage their system
resources.
system resources
Those items
controlled by the system, such as programs, devices, and storage areas that
are assigned for use in jobs.
system resources manager (SRM)
A group
of programs that controls the use of system resources, such as programs,
devices, and storage areas that are assigned for use in
jobs.
system security
A system function
that restricts the use of files, libraries, folders, and devices to certain
users.
system services control point identifier
See
SSCP ID.
system services control point (SSCP)
A focal
point within an SNA network for managing the other systems and devices,
coordinating network operator requests and problem analysis requests, and
providing directory routing and other session services for network
users.
system service tools (SST)
The part
of the service function used to service the system while the operating system
is running.
system service tool user profile
The
system-supplied user profile that has the authority necessary to service the
system programming and the special authorities of save system authorities and
job control authorities. Named SRV or
QSRVBAS.
systems management
(1) In OSI, the
process of monitoring, coordinating, and controlling resources within open
systems.
(2) In System Manager,
all of the actions and procedures that accomplish the business support
activity of making information systems services available. Information
systems services include host, application, network, and data
services.
systems management application
In OSI,
an application that provides systems management services. See also
application and systems
management.
systems management application entity (SMAE)
In OSI,
the part of an agent process or a managing process that performs systems
management communications functions. In OSI Communications Subsystem,
both the agent process and the managing process use the same SMAE. See
also agent and managing
process.
Systems Network Architecture character string
See
SNA character string
(SCS).
Systems Network Architecture distribution services
See
SNA distribution services
(SNADS).
Systems Network Architecture File Services
See
SNA/File Services
(SNA/FS).
Systems Network Architecture Management Services Transport
See
SNA/Management Services Transport (SNA/MS
Transport).
Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
In IBM
networks, the description of the layered logical structure, formats,
protocols, and operational sequences that are used for transmitting
information units through networks, as well as controlling the configuration
and operation of networks.
system-specific format
A print
descriptor naming convention required to store a print descriptor in a print
descriptor group.
system state program
A program
that can access a user domain object or a system domain object. The
system state is reserved for IBM-supplied programs. See also
system domain object, user domain object, and user
state program.
system-supplied formats
The
communications record formats provided as part of the ICF support that allows
a user's program to control data communications with a remote
system. System-supplied formats perform such communications functions
as starting remote programs, sending and receiving data, ending communications
transactions, and ending
sessions.
System Support Program (SSP) Product
Pertaining
to the IBM licensed programs that can be used as the primary operating system
of the System/36 and the AS/400 Advanced 36 system. If OS/400 is also
installed, the SSP becomes a secondary operating
system.
system time
The elapsed time from
the point where the system was started to the current time. If the
system time is changed to the local time when the system is started, the
current system time is the local time of day.
system unit
A part of a computer
that contains the processing unit, and may contain devices such as disk units
and tape units.
system unit console
See
console.
system value
Control information
for the operation of certain parts of the system. A user can change the
system value to define the user's working environment. System date
and library list are examples of system values. Contrast with
network attribute.
SystemView Distribution Services (SVDS)
A form
of SNA Distribution Services support that is used by the Managed System
Services program. It has additional support that allows the
distribution of objects to be controlled by a central site
system.
System/36 environment
A function
of the OS/400 operating system that processes most of the System/36 operator
control language (OCL) statements and procedure statements to run System/36
application programs and allows the user to process the control language (CL)
commands. Contrast with System/38
environment.
System/36 object
A configuration
description in System/36 terms that defines the System/36 environment.
The system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*S36.
System/38 environment
A function
of the operating system that processes most of the System/38 control language
(CL) statements and programs to run System/38 application programs.
Contrast with System/36
environment.
System/38 Utilities
A licensed
program for running and maintaining Data File Utility and Query applications
for those who migrate from the System/38 system.