L

label
(1) The name of a file on a diskette or tape.
(2) An identifier of a command or program statement generally used for branching.
(3) In Interactive Source Debugger, a place in a source program that the user can choose to display again.
(4) In REXX, a clause that consists of a single symbol followed by a colon.
(5) In RPG, a symbolic name that represents a specific location in a program. A label can serve as the destination point for one or more branching operations.
(6) In DB2 UDB for AS/400 SQL, a way of attaching text to columns, tables, and packages.
(7) In Backup Recovery and Media Services, an external identifier for media. A label includes information about volume serial identifier, creation date, expiration date, location, and container identifier.

labeled duration
A number that represents a duration of years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds, or microseconds.

LAC
See License Authorization Code (LAC) or L2TP access concentrator (LAC).

LADN
See library-assigned document name (LADN).

lame delegation
A misconfiguration of the Domain Name System (DNS) files. A lame delegation is the delegation of a domain to any name server that does not have authority for that domain.

LAN
See local area network (LAN).

LAN emulation (LE)
The transparent use of an ATM network as an Ethernet-type LAN (IEEE 802.3) or a token-ring LAN (IEEE 802.5). LAN emulation enables equipment such as hosts, desktop computers, bridges, hubs, and routers with ATM interfaces to use an ATM network as an emulated LAN at the medium access control layer. LAN emulation also enables this equipment to communicate readily with devices on existing LANs. ATM LAN emulation presents the same interface to higher level application programs and protocols as that presented by other types of LANs such as Ethernet, token-ring, and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).

When a higher layer protocol has native access to ATM, the protocol can control the bandwidth and quality of service (QoS) parameters used to establish ATM virtual channels. In contrast, when an ATM end system is operating in "LAN emulation mode," ATM is hidden from the higher layer protocol by the LAN emulation client software that establishes best-effort delivery. Therefore, the ATM network services of guaranteed bandwidth and quality of service are not fully exploited.

LAN emulation client (LEC)
The access point where devices on the emulated LAN use remote applications and data. A single LAN emulation client may serve as the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) connection point for many devices or sessions. The LAN emulation client imitates the functions of the LAN protocol, either token-ring or Ethernet, over the ATM network. AS/400 allows one LAN emulation client on each input/output adapter (IOA). LAN emulation client uses the following LAN emulation services to find another client's ATM address: LAN emulation configuration server, LAN emulation server, and LAN emulation broadcast and unknown server.

LAN emulation configuration server (LECS)
A server that provides configuration services to the clients. The LECS provides the clients with the ATM address of an appropriate LAN emulation server to become part of an emulated LAN. The LECS may also provide some measure of security within the emulated LAN by controlling which clients to recognize and configure.

LAN emulation server (LES)
A network server that provides asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) address resolution and control-related services to its clients. Each LAN emulation server is associated with one LAN emulation domain. The LAN emulation server recognizes the clients that are either connected to or defined in its domain. The LAN emulation server then translates LAN destinations to ATM addresses at the request of the clients. It also provides control services as part of maintaining the LAN environment.

language attribute
In the Application Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed program, an indicator that further defines a part's type by specifying a high-level language or type of device file. See also type.

language ID
See language identifier (language ID).

language identifier (language ID)
The 3-character representation that identifies the cultural preference for language-related processing and is associated with an object, such as a document. For example, the language identifier is used by text search services to determine how to process the text of a document.

language load ID
See language load identification (language load ID).

language load identification (language load ID)
An IBM language feature code associated with a language. For example, French is 2928. Language load identification is also called national language.

language profile
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a set of rules that define the programming language and environment for editing and compiling programs.

language-sensitive editing
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a set of editing functions that are responsive to the programming language, syntax, and environment of source programs as they are being edited. Typical language-sensitive editing functions are automatic indenting, token highlighting, syntax checking, and language-sensitive help.

LAN Requester
A product that provides requester function to workstation users.

LAN Server
A product that provides server function to the LAN Requester.

LAN support program
A set of software device drivers used to provide PC applications with an interface to the LAN hardware. LAN device drivers must be loaded on every personal computer that is connected to the AS/400 system through a local area network (token ring or Ethernet).

LAPB
See link access protocol-balanced (LAPB).

LAPD
See link access procedure-D-channel (LAPD).

last agent optimization
An optimization that cuts the number of two-phase commit flows to one agent in half by leaving the last agent out of the first phase of the commit process and giving the last agent the commit decision during the second phase. An initiator or last agent can use this optimization with only one of its subordinates, which is called the optimized last agent (or simply the last agent).

last agent pending (LAP)
The last agent pending logical unit of work (LUW) state indicates that the current LUW is in doubt. This system has prepared to commit, but has not received the final vote from the last agent. The LAP state only occurs at the initiator and at a last agent.

last-in first-out (LIFO)
A queuing technique in which the next item to be retrieved is the item most recently placed on the queue. Contrast with first-in first-out (FIFO).

last record indicator
In RPG, an indicator that signals when the last record (LR) is processed. This indicator can then be used to condition calculation and output operations that are to be done at the end of the program.

latch
An electronic circuit that permanently records (until reset) the status of a signal.

layer
(1) In SNA, a grouping of related functions that are logically separate from the functions in other groups; the functions in one layer can be changed without affecting functions in the other layers. See also data flow control layer, path control layer, and transmission control layer.
(2) In a network architecture, a group of services, functions, and protocols that is complete from a conceptual point of view, that is one out of a set of hierarchically arranged groups, and that extends across all systems that conform to the network architecture. (T) See also application layer, data link layer, network layer, physical layer, presentation layer, session layer, and transport layer.

layer entity (LE)
In OSI, an active element in a layer. See also application entity (AE), network entity, and peer entity.

layer service
In OSI, a service provided by a layer of the OSI reference model.

Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
In the Internet suite of protocols, a protocol that permits the tunneling of the link layer of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).

lazy write
A function whereby the network server performs a write-to-disk operation rather than caching the data for this storage space. Using lazy write enhances system performance by allowing information to be updated multiple times before being written to disk.

LCS
See local controlling system (LCS).

LDAP
See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).

LDAP Directory Interchange Format (LDIF)
A text file format that is used to transfer directory information among LDAP directory servers.

LDIF
See LDAP Directory Interchange Format (LDIF).

LE
See layer entity (LE).

leader
The blank section of tape at the beginning of a reel.

leading zeros
In the OfficeVision program, zeros that are place holders to the left of numbers that are aligned to the right and have fewer positions than the specified field length.

leaf
An entry that has no children before it in the directory tree.

leaf entry
In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a directory that has no subordinates. It can be an alias entry or an object entry.

lease
An agreement that grants permission to use a product or a program.

LEC
See LAN emulation client (LEC).

LECS
See LAN emulation configuration server (LECS).

left-justify
In the OfficeVision program, to print text with an even left margin. The right margin is printed unevenly.

legend
In Business Graphics Utility and the GDDM function, an explanatory list of the symbols, lines, and shaded areas on a chart.

Lempel-Ziv (LZ)
A technique for compressing data. This technique replaces some character strings, which occur repeatedly within the data, with codes. The encoded character strings are then kept in a common dictionary, which is created as the data is being sent.

LEN
See low-entry networking (LEN) node.

length attribute
In DB2 UDB for AS/400, a value associated with a string that represents either the declared fixed length of the string or the maximum length of the string.

LES
See LAN emulation server (LES).

level checking
A function that compares the record level identifiers of a file to be opened with the file description that is part of a compiled program to determine if the record format for the file changed since the program was compiled.

level indicator
(1) In COBOL, two alphabetic characters (FD or SD) that identify the type of file description entry.
(2) In RPG, two characters (L0 through L9 and LR) that control calculation and output processing during total time.

level-number
In COBOL, a numeric character (1 through 9) or a 2-character set (01 through 49, 66, 77, 88) that begins a data description entry and establishes its level in a data hierarchy. Level-numbers 66, 77, and 88 identify special properties of a data description entry.

level-zero entry
In RPG, a calculation specifications entry that indicates the operations to be done during total time for each program cycle when no control break occurs.

LFS
See local file system (LFS).

LFSID
See local-form session identifier (LFSID).

library
(1) A system object that serves as a directory to other objects. A library groups related objects, and allows the user to find objects by name. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *LIB. Compare with folder and document library.
(2) The set of publications for a system.
(3) A repository for demountable recorded media, such as magnetic disks and magnetic tapes. (A)

library-assigned document name (LADN)
A unique name, which includes a time stamp and a system name, that is assigned by a system in the office network to a document when it is filed in the document library. On the AS/400 system, the time-stamp part of the library-assigned document name is included in a 10-character name that becomes the document object name. See also document name and document object name.

library control sector
The first sector in a library which contains a record of the used and available space in the library.

library descriptions file
A file that lists keywords, document classes, or both, or the access codes associated with different document libraries.

library list
A list that indicates which libraries are to be searched and the order in which they are to be searched. The system-recognized identifier is *LIBL.

library name
A user-defined word that names a library.

library routine
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a routine maintained in a program library.

library user ASP
An auxiliary storage pool that contains libraries and folders. Contrast with nonlibrary user ASP.

license
In OS/400 license management, a license gives the user authorization to use a user-based priced product.

License Authorization Code (LAC)
Code that is needed to unlock an AS/400 licensed program.

Licensed Internal Code
The layered architecture below the machine interface (MI) and above the machine, consisting of the model-independent, and the model-unique Licensed Internal Code or feature-unique Licensed Internal Code. The Licensed Internal Code is a proprietary system design that carries out many functions, including, but not limited to storage management, pointers and addressing, program management functions, exception and event management, data functions, I/O managers, and security. See also model-unique Licensed Internal Code (MULIC) and feature-unique Licensed Internal Code (FULIC).

Licensed Internal Code fix
A temporary solution to, or bypass of, a defect in a current release of the Licensed Internal Code. Contrast with program temporary fix (PTF).

licensed program (LP)
A separately orderable program, supplied by IBM, that performs functions related to processing user data. Examples of licensed programs are Client Access, COBOL, Application Development ToolSet, OfficeVision, and so on.

licensed program offering (LPO)
A field-developed program that is not supported on the Licensed Program menu. LPOs have separate instructions for installation.

license term
In OS/400 license management, an indicator of whether the authorized usage limit for a product lasts until the next version, next release, or next modification level of the product.

LID
See local identifier (LID).

LIFO
See last-in first-out (LIFO).

lightness
The characteristic that allows colors to be put in order from light to dark.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
In TCP/IP, a protocol that enables users to locate people, organizations, and other resources in an Internet directory or intranet directory.

like
Pertaining to two or more similar or identical operating environments. For example, like distribution is distribution between two OS/400 database managers with compatible server attribute levels.

Lilian date
The first date on the Lilian calendar is equivalent to October 15, 1582, on the Gregorian calendar.

limited capability
In CICS, the use of certain AS/400 commands can be restricted by setting a user's profile to limited capability.

limits file
In RPG, a file that contains the upper and lower values of the record keys used to read from an indexed file.

limits record
In RPG, a record that contains the lowest record key and the highest record key of the records that are to be read (in the keyed file).

LINAGE-COUNTER
In COBOL, a special register whose value points to the current position within the page body.

line
(1) The physical path in data transmission.
(2) In OSI Communications Subsystem, a physical communications line that connects an OSI node to an X.25 subnetwork. Each line is associated with a data terminal equipment (DTE) address at the OSI node from which the line originates.

line chart
In the GDDM function, a chart in which the plotted points (each optionally represented by a marker) are joined by straight or curved lines. See also scatter plot.

line code violation
In Performance Tools, two successive electrical pulses of the same polarity, instead of alternating polarity, on the S/T interface.

line command
An abbreviation used to request a function for a specific line or lines from the command area to the left of the line or lines affected. For example, C for Copy or M for Move.

line configuration
The process of creating configuration descriptions for the lines that make up a data processing system. See also controller configuration and device configuration.

line control characters
See transmission control characters.

line counter specifications
In RPG, a coding sheet on which the programmer indicates or overrides the system defaults for the form length and for the number of lines to print on a page. Line counter specifications can be used for each printer file in a program.

line data
Data prepared for printing on line printers. Line data can contain carriage-control characters and table-reference characters (TRC) for spacing and font selections. Line data is created on the System/370 computer. See also carriage-control character and table-reference character (TRC).

line description
An object that contains information describing a particular communications line that is attached to the system. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *LIND.

line format
In the OfficeVision program, the defined arrangement of characters on a line. Compare with page format.

line graph
In Performance Tools, a graph in which plotted points (each optionally represented by a marker) are joined by straight or curved lines. See also scatter plot.

line number
The number that precedes a line of information in a printout or on a display. This number can be up to 5 digits long, from 00001 through 99999.

line pool
In Point-to-Point Protocol, a list of lines that can be used in a connection profile.

line printer
A device that prints a line of characters as a unit. Contrast with page printer.

line printer daemon (LPD)
The receiving portion, or server portion, of a file transfer that receives the spooled file that was sent and places the file on a local output queue. See also line printer requester (LPR).

line printer queue (LPQ)
In TCP/IP, a method to display the output queue of spooled files sent to a printer.

line printer removal (LPRM)
In TCP/IP, a method of removing spooled files from the queue of a printer.

line printer requester (LPR)
The sending portion, or client portion, of a spooled file transfer. The line printer requester allows a spooled file that was sent between remote systems to be sent to a printer queue. See also line printer daemon (LPD).

line print queue (LPQ)
In TCP/IP, a method to display the output queue of spooled files sent to a printer.

line set
In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a user-specified group of one or more lines used to establish network connections. When sending an outbound connection request, OSI Communications Subsystem selects a line from a line set. The line characteristics--such as line speed--of each line in a given line set should be similar.

lines per inch (lpi)
The number of characters that can be printed vertically within an inch.

line traffic
The number of transmissions and the amount of data sent and received on a communications line.

line transmission termination (LT)
In Performance Tools, the line transmission termination part of the reference model for the integrated services digital network (ISDN).

linguistic conversion
A conversion where a partial mapping is done from the source code page to the target code page. The integrity of characters that are in both the target coded character set identifier (CCSID) and the source CCSID are preserved. Characters that are not in the target CCSID are mapped to the most culturally acceptable alternative for that character. Also known as best-fit conversion.

linguistic processing
In OfficeVision text search, a method of dividing text into words and sentences, selecting keywords from the text, and processing the keywords to determine the base forms for keywords, their synonyms, and compound word components.

link
(1) A connection that provides the physical transfer of data from one node to another.
(2) In a file system, a connection between a directory and an object. The link is established when the object is created. See also hard link and symbolic link.
(3) A named connection between an object and its parent directory. An object may have multiple named connections between itself and one or more parent directories. Synonymous with hard link.
(4) In hypertext, an author-defined association between two information nodes.
(5) In IDDU, to connect a database file on disk with a file definition in a data dictionary. Contrast with unlink.
(6) In SNA, the combination of the link connection (the transmission medium) and two link stations (one at each end of the link connection). See also link level.
(7) In TCP/IP, a term for a communications line. A TCP/IP link may share the use of a communications line with SNA.

link access procedure-D-channel (LAPD)
A procedure, recommended by the CCITT, for using an integrated services digital network (ISDN) on the data link level. LAPD is a duplex, asynchronous, symmetric procedure used to communicate control instructions, such as setting up and dropping a connection, to the control channel (D-channel) of ISDN.

link access protocol-balanced (LAPB)
A protocol for using an X.25 network on the data link level. LAPB is a duplex, asynchronous, symmetric protocol used for point-to-point communications. LAPB is the link access protocol recommended by the Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy and Telephone (CCITT). It takes the place of the earlier link access protocol (LAP).

linkage editor
In the C language, a program that resolves cross-references between separately compiled object modules and then assigns final storage addresses to create a single load module.

Linkage Section
In COBOL, a section of the Data Division that describes data made available from another program.

link level
(1) In SNA, the combination of the transmission connection, protocol, devices, and programming joining network nodes.
(2) A part of Recommendation X.25 that defines the link protocol used to get data into and out of the network across the duplex line connecting the subscriber's equipment to the network.

link pending
A state that indicates a datalink field contains one or more values that cannot be validated due to a system failure, communications failure, or other similar error. The file is still usable when it is in this state, but only for reading data.

Link Problem Determination Aid (LPDA)
A series of procedures used by products, such as the AS/400 system, and NetView and VTAM programs, to test modem or other data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) operations, and to provide information about the DCE and the data link. An extended version also provides operational and configuration commands. LPDA commands can be used only with DCEs that support LPDA.

Link Problem Determination Aid-1 (LPDA-1)
The first version of the LPDA command set. Although LPDA-1 and LPDA-2 provide several of the same functions, LPDA-1 is not compatible with LPDA-2.

Link Problem Determination Aid-2 (LPDA-2)
A second version of the LPDA command set. In addition to most of the functions of LPDA-1, LPDA-2 also supports modem configuration commands, a call out (dial) command, a set transmit speed command, and commands to operate a contact that controls external devices.

link protocol
The rules for sending and receiving data at the link level.

link protocol converter (LPC)
A device that changes one type of link-level protocol information to another type of link-level protocol information for processing; for example, 5208 Link Protocol Converter, 5209 Link Protocol Converter, or ROLMbridge 5250 Link Protocol Converter. See also protocol converter.

list
In Backup Recovery and Media Services, an entry in a control group that contains like items such as libraries, folders, or objects.

list box
A control that contains a list of objects or settings choices that a user can select from.

list edit mode
In AFP Utilities, the mode that allows a user to view and change overlay elements from a list. See also screen edit mode.

list entry handle
A value that uniquely distinguishes an entry in a user interface manager (UIM) list until it is removed from the list. A list entry handle is meaningful only for a particular application, list, and entry combination.

list ID
A two-part name by which a distribution list is known. The two-part name allows distributions to be sent to both local and remote systems.

list ID qualifier
The second part of a two-part name by which a distribution list is known. See also list ID.

list view
In AFP Utilities, the presentation of a display shown while a user is in list edit mode. See also screen view.

literal
In RPG, a character string whose value is defined by the characters themselves. For example, the numeric constant 7 has the value 7, and the character constant 'CHARACTERS' has the value CHARACTERS. See also constant, character constant, and numeric constant.

literal pattern
In REXX, a string delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks that is used in a parsing template to specify how a sequence of characters is split.

literal string
In REXX, a sequence including any characters that are delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks.

little endian
In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), an attribute of data representation that reflects how multi-octet data is stored in memory. In little endian representation, the lowest addressed octet of a multi-octet data item is the least significant. See big endian.

LLC
See logical link control (LLC).

LMI
See local management interface (LMI).

LNS
See L2TP network server (LNS).

load
(1) To move data or programs into storage.
(2) In System Manager, the smallest logical collection of objects that can make an application option. Code and language are the two types of loads. The SystemView object type is *PRDLOD.

load font equivalence
The mapping of a descriptive font name to a font member name in a font library.

load identifier
In System Manager, the identification number assigned to a load.

load module
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a program in a form suitable for loading into main storage for processing.

load object
In System Manager, an object that contains the control information about a load or option.

load source
The disk unit that contains the Licensed Internal Code for the system. This unit is always identified as unit number 1 in the disk configuration displays.

lobe
In a star or ring network configuration, two pairs of conductors that provide separate send and receive paths between a wiring concentrator and a network port, such as an electrical outlet.

local
(1) Pertaining to a device or system that is connected directly to your system or a file that is read directly from your system, without the use of a communications line. Contrast with remote.
(2) In OSI, pertaining to the node from which one views the rest of the network.

local address
In SNA, an address used in a peripheral node in place of a network address and transformed to or from a network address by the boundary function in a subarea node.

local agent
In OSI, an agent process on the local node. Contrast with remote agent.

local application entity
In OSI, an application entity on the local node.

local application process
In OSI, an application process on the local node. See also application process.

local application thread
In DCE Remote Procedure Call (RPC), an application thread that executes within the confines of one address space on a local system and passes control exclusively among local code segments. See application thread, client application thread, RPC thread, and server application thread.

local area network (LAN)
The physical connection that allows the transfer of information among devices located on the same premises. Contrast with wide area network (WAN).

local bus adapter
The bus adapter card in the system unit. The local optical link cards plug into the bus adapter card.

local cell
In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), the cell to which the local machine belongs. Synonymous with home cell. Contrast with foreign cell.

local controller
A functional unit within the system that controls the operation of one or more directly attached input/output devices or communications lines. Contrast with remote controller.

local controlling system (LCS)
In the AS/400 Operations Console, the personal computer that has direct communications with an AS/400 system. The local controlling system uses either a dial-up connection or a direct cable. It controls remote access to the AS/400 system and grants control of the AS/400 system to remote controlling systems.

local data area
A 1024-byte data area that can be used to pass information between programs in a job. A separate local data area is automatically created for each job.

local definition
In MQSeries, an MQM object that belongs to a local queue manager.

local domain name
The primary TCP/IP name associated with the local system. A system can have more than one system name, but only one local domain name. The local domain name consists of two parts, the domain and the host. Also known as domain name.

locale
(1) An object that can determine how data is processed, printed, and displayed. Locales are made up of categories that define language, cultural data, and character sets. These combinations of language, cultural data, and character sets comprise a locale. Locales, in the form of a system object, are not shipped with the AS/400 system. Rather, the locale definition source files are provided. In Java, the Locale class defines the presentation formatting and conventions for a specific locale.
(2) In the C language, an object that contains information about valid alphabetic characters, the collating sequence, the format of numbers and currency amounts, and the format of date and time. This information is used by certain ILE C library functions in application programs. The system-recognized identifier for the object type, C locale description, is *CLD.

local-end code violation
In Performance Tools, an unintended line code violation detected and counted by the terminal equipment (TE) for frames received at the interface for the S/T reference point of the integrated services digital network (ISDN).

local file system (LFS)
In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), an organized collection of data in the form of a root directory and its subdirectories and files. An LFS supports special features useful in a distributed environment, such as the ability to replicate data; to log file system data, which enables quick recovery after an abnormal end; and to simplify administration by dividing the file system into easily managed units called filesets. See also access control list (ACL).

local-form session identifier (LFSID)
In SNA, a dynamically assigned value used at a type 2.1 node to identify traffic for a particular session using a given transmission group.

local identifier (LID)
In distributed relational database, an identifier or short label that is mapped by the environmental descriptors to a named resource.

localization
The process of establishing information within a computer system specific to each supported language, cultural data, and coded character set, or any combination thereof. For example, on AS/400, localization can be done through system values, job run-time values, or locales.

localized
In national language support, pertaining to the support based on a user's national language, country, culture, and character encoding. See also national language support and national language version.

local location address
In SNA, the address of the logical unit.

local location name
The name by which your system is known to other systems in an SNA network. Equivalent to an SNA local logical unit name. Contrast with remote location name.

local management interface (LMI)
The interface between the frame-relay data terminal equipment (DTE) and the frame handler, which provides the status and configuration information about the permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) available at the frame relay network.

local manager
In OSI, a managing process on the local node. Contrast with remote manager.

local name
In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a name that in meaningful and usable only within the cell where an entry exists. The local name is a shortened form of a global name. Synonymous with cell-relative name.

local network address
In OSI, a network address that identifies the local node. See also network address.

local network entity title
In OSI, the network entity title of the local node. See also network entity title.

local node
In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, the node from which one views the rest of the OSI network--the node for which resources are defined. Contrast with remote node.

local NSAP
In OSI, an NSAP at the local node.

local NSAP address
In OSI, an NSAP address of the local node.

local optical link card
A smaller card that plugs into the bus adapter in the system unit. The optical bus cables from an expansion unit plug into this card.

local OSI network configuration
In OSI, a general term for the local node and the lines, line sets, and the subnetworks to which it is attached.

local presentation address
In OSI, the presentation address of an application entity at the local node. See also presentation address. Contrast with remote presentation address.

local queue
In MQSeries, a queue that belongs to the local queue manager. A local queue can contain a list of messages waiting to be processed. Contrast with remote queue.

local queue manager
In MQSeries, the queue manager to which the program is connected. This is the queue manager that provides message queuing services to that program. Queue managers to which a program is not connected are called remote queue managers, even if they are running on the same system as the program.

local server
In the DCE Distributed Time Service (DTS), a server that synchronizes with its peers and provides its clock value to other servers and clerks in the same network.

local service provider
In OSI, a managing process on the local node. Contrast with remote service provider.

local service requester
In OSI, a service requester process on the local node. Contrast with remote service requester.

local session identification
In SNA, a field in a format identification 3 (FID3) field transmission header that indicates the type of session and the local address of the directly attached logical unit (LU) or physical unit (PU).

local set
In the DCE Distributed Time Service (DTS), a collection of the servers in a particular network.

local space object
An object located in the AS/400 system domain storage that is used to maintain and to track CICS storage elements in both system and user storage objects.

local system
For interactive jobs, the system to which the display device is directly attached. For batch jobs, the system on which the job is being processed.

local type
In DCE Remote Procedure Call (RPC), a type named in a represent_as clause and used by application code to manipulate data that is passed in a remote procedure call as a network type. See network type.

local work station
A work station that is connected directly to the system without a need for data transmission functions. Contrast with remote work station.

location
In Backup Recovery and Media Services, a user-defined storage site where media and containers can be stored awaiting reuse or movement to other locations. See also home location and storage location.

lock
The process by which integrity of data is ensured by preventing more than one user from accessing or changing the same data or object at the same time.

locked keyboard
A keyboard condition where the display station accepts no input.

locked set
A group of CD-ROMs that contains licensed programs and options that require a license key after 70 days of use.

lock state
A condition defined for an object that determines how it is locked, how it is used (read or write), and whether the object can be shared (used by more than one job).

log
In Backup Recovery and Media Services, a history of backup, archive, recovery, and media management operations. A log can be displayed online or printed.

logarithm
The exponent that indicates the power to which a number is raised to produce a given number.

logarithmic axis
In the GDDM function, an axis on which ascending powers of 10 are equally spaced.

logic
The systematized interconnection of digital switching functions, circuits, or devices.

logical channel
In a packet-switching data network, a path over which data flows between the network and the sending or receiving data terminal equipment.

logical expression
An expression consisting of logical operators, relational operators, or both that can be evaluated to a value of either true or false.

logical file
A description of how data is to be presented to or received from a program. This type of database file contains no data, but it defines record formats for one or more physical files. See also join logical file and database file. Contrast with physical file.

logical file member
A named logical grouping of data records from one or more physical file members. See also member.

logical interface
An Internet Protocol (IP) address on a given system. Typically, a logical interface has an associated physical interface.

logical I/O
In Performance Tools, the operation used to pass a buffer of data from data management to the data management code of an application program.

logical link control (LLC)
A protocol for data-link-level transmission control. The protocol was developed by the IEEE 802 committee, and is common to all LAN standards.

logical link control (LLC) protocol
In a local area network, the protocol that governs the assembling of transmission frames and their exchange between data stations independently of the medium access control protocol. For X.25 LLCs, see enhanced logical link control (ELLC), qualified logical link control (QLLC), and physical services header (PSH).

logical operator
(1) A word or symbol that defines the logical connection between conditions or that makes opposite a condition.
(2) In COBOL, a reserved word that defines the logical connection between conditions or negates a condition: OR (logical connective, either or both), AND (logical connective, both), and NOT (logical negation).
(3) In REXX, an operator that performs logical operations on one or two terms. The logical operators include: AND, inclusive OR, exclusive OR, or logical NOT. A value of 1 is returned if the expression is true and 0 if the expression is false.

logical order
In COBOL, the order in which records are sequentially read from a file. For sequential and relative files, the logical order corresponds to the physical order of the records in the file. For indexed files, the logical order is based on the order of the keys in the index of the file.

logical page
In COBOL, a conceptual entity consisting of the top margin, the page body, and the bottom margin.

logical partition
A subset of a single AS/400 system that contains resources (processors, memory, and input/output devices). A logical partition operates as an independent system. If hardware requirements are met, multiple logical partitions can exist within a system.

logical partitioning (LPAR)
A function of the OS/400 licensed program that enables the creation of logical partitions. See logical partition.

logical record
In COBOL, the most inclusive data item. The level number for a logical record is 01.

logical redundancy check (LRC)
A data integrity protection capability on storage devices. A logical redundancy check uses a bit column to create and check parity across bytes of stored data.

logical resource
In OSI, an abstract resource--such as a layer entity. Contrast with physical resource.

logical unit (LU)
In SNA, one of three types of network addressable units that serve as a port through which a user accesses the communications network. See also physical unit and system services control point (SSCP).

logical unit (LU) 6.2
A type of logical unit that supports general communications between programs in a distributed processing environment. LU 6.2 is characterized by (a) a peer relationship between session partners, (b) efficient use of a session for multiple transactions, (c) comprehensive end-to-end error processing, and (d) a generic application programming interface (API) consisting of structured verbs that are mapped into a product implementation. Synonym for advanced program-to-program communications (APPC).

logical unit of work identifier (LUWID)
A name (consisting of a fully qualified LU network name, a logical-unit-of-work (LUW) instance number, and an LUW sequence number) that uniquely identifies a logical unit of work within a network.

logical unit of work (LUW)
(1) In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a sequence of processing actions that must be completed before any individual actions are committed. The processing that a program performs between synchronization points. See also commitment control and synchronization point.
(2) The work that occurs between the start of a transaction and commit or rollback and between commit and rollback actions after that. LUW defines the set of operations that must be considered part of an integral set. See also data integrity.

logical unit of work (LUW) state
The condition of a logical unit of work (LUW). The LUW state reflects the actions that have been done in that LUW and determines what the next set of actions may be.

login facility
A DCE Security Service facility that enables a principal to establish its identity.

logmode table
See logon mode table.

logo
(1) A letter, combination of letters, or symbol used to represent an entire word (abbreviation for logogram).
(2) The display that identifies the IBM Corporation and the program name on licensed programs.

logon mode table
In VTAM programs, a set of entries for one or more logon modes. Each logon mode is identified by a logon mode name. Synonymous with logmode table.

log year
The year that a document was filed. Used to identify a printed document number. For example, 88-0001, where 88 is the log year and 0001 is the sequence number. All documents filed in 1988 have a log year of 88.

long comment
Up to a full-screen description of a field, record format, or file. Long comments are typed when the field, record format, or file is created or changed, and displayed either from IDDU or Query.

long format
In binary floating-point storage formats, the 64-bit representation of a binary floating-point number, not-a-number, or infinity. Contrast with short format.

long-form identifier
A variable-length identifier that includes three parts:

longitudinal redundancy check (LRC)
See logical redundancy check (LRC).

long string
In DB2 UDB for AS/400, a string whose actual length, or a varying-length string whose maximum length, is greater than 254 bytes or 127 double-byte characters.

lookahead field
In RPG, a field that allows the program to look at information in a field on the next record in an input file.

loop
(1) The repeated running of a portion of code.
(2) A connectivity topology that connects a series of system units or expansion units together. Signals can travel in either direction for optimized performance. Redundancy is provided to each unit by treating the connection as a string when a failure occurs somewhere in the loop.

loopback address
A specific address that allows testing of communications on a local machine.

Lotus Domino for AS/400
The AS/400 system implementation of the Lotus Domino server. Lotus Domino for AS/400 is a full-function Domino server that follows the Domino architecture. The server software includes e-mail, groupware, workflow, calendar and scheduling, and Web server functions.

Lotus NotesPump for AS/400
An IBM licensed program that allows you to transfer data between data sources either on command or on schedule. NotesPump for AS/400 provides a number of predetermined activities and a NotesPump extension to LotusScript for additional data customization.

low convergence
In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a setting that controls the degree to which the Cell Directory Service (CDS) attempts to keep all replicas of a directory consistent. Low convergence means CDS does not immediately propagate an update; it simply waits for the next skulk to distribute all updates that occurred since the last skulk. See high convergence and medium convergence.

low-entry networking (LEN) node
A node in an APPN network that uses the LU session type 6.2 node type 2.1 architecture without the APPN extension.

LP
See licensed program (LP).

LPAR
See logical partitioning (LPAR).

LPC
See link protocol converter (LPC).

LPD
See line printer daemon (LPD).

LPDA
See Link Problem Determination Aid (LPDA).

LPDA-1
See Link Problem Determination Aid-1 (LPDA-1).

LPDA-2
See Link Problem Determination Aid-2 (LPDA-2).

lpi
See lines per inch (lpi).

LPO
See licensed program offering (LPO).

LPQ
See line printer queue (LPQ).

LPR
See line printer requester (LPR).

LPRM
See line printer removal (LPRM).

LRC
See logical redundancy check (LRC).

LSID
See local session identification.

LT
See line transmission termination (LT).

LU
See logical unit (LU).

LU-LU session type 0
In SNA, a type of session between two LU half-sessions using SNA-defined protocols for transmission control and data flow control, but using end-user or product-defined protocols to supplement or replace function management data services protocols. The AS/400 system uses the SNA upline facility support.

LU-LU session type 1
In SNA, a type of session between an application program and single- or multiple-device data processing display stations in an interactive, batch data transfer, or distributed processing environment. The AS/400 system uses the SNA remote job entry (RJE) support.

LU-LU session type 2
In SNA, a type of session between an application program and a single display station in an interactive environment, using the SNA 3270 data stream. The AS/400 system uses the 3270 display emulation support.

LU-LU session type 3
In SNA, a type of session between an application program and a single printer, using the SNA 3270 data stream. The AS/400 system uses the 3270 printer emulation support.

LU-LU session type 4
In SNA, a type of session between (a) an application program and a single-device or multiple-device data processing or word processing display station in an interactive, batch data transfer, or distributed processing environment; or (b) logical units in peripheral nodes. The AS/400 system uses the 5250 printer support.

LU-LU session type 6.2
In SNA, a type of session for communications between peer systems. Synonymous with APPC protocol.

LU-LU session type 7
In SNA, a type of session between an application program and a single display station in an interactive environment. The AS/400 system uses the 5250 display station support.

LUSTAT
In SNA, a command used to send logical unit status information.

LUW
See logical unit of work (LUW).

LUWID
See logical unit of work identifier (LUWID).

LU 6.2
See logical unit (LU) 6.2.

lvalue
In the C language, an expression that represents a data object that can be viewed, tested, and changed. An lvalue is usually the left operand in an assignment expression.

LZ
See Lempel-Ziv (LZ).

L2TP
See Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP).

L2TP access concentrator (LAC)
A device that is either attached to the switched network or concurrently located within a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) end system that is capable of handling the Layer Two Tunnel Protocol (L2TP). LAC needs to implement only the media over which L2TP operates in order to pass traffic to one or more L2TP network servers. It may tunnel any protocol that is carried within PPP. LAC is the initiator of incoming calls and the receiver of outgoing calls.

L2TP network server (LNS)
A server that handles the server side of the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP). Because L2TP relies only on the single media over which L2TP tunnels arrive, the L2TP network server (LNS) may have only a single local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) interface. However, LNS must still be able to end calls that arrive at any L2TP access concentrator (LAC). LNS is the initiator of outgoing calls and the receiver of incoming calls.

[ Information Center Home Page | Feedback ] [ Legal | AS/400 Glossary ]