C
CA
See certificate
authority (CA).
cable path
A series of cables
connected in sequence.
cable-through
A function or
feature of a display station that allows multiple work stations to be attached
to one cable path.
cache
(1) A high-speed buffer
storage, containing frequently accessed instructions and data, used to reduce
access time.
(2) To place, hide, or store in a
cache.
(3) In the Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE), the information that a Cell Directory Service (CDS) clerk
stores locally to optimize name lookups. The cache contains attribute
values resulting from previous lookups, as well as information about other
clearinghouses and namespaces.
(4) In Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE) Security, the container for the credentials of a principal
after the DCE login. See DUA
cache.
cache line
A record that contains
relevant information about the user data that is currently in the subsystem
cache memory. Examples of this information include the current state of
the data and the intended location of the data on one or more
disks.
cache timeout
The length of time
that is allowed to pass before the cache is updated. Synonymous with
time to live.
calculation specifications
In RPG, a
specification on which the programmer describes the processing to be done by
the program.
calendar description
In the
OfficeVision program, a field associated with a calendar where the user can
describe the contents. A calendar description can be up to 50
characters long.
calendar group
In the
OfficeVision program, a list of existing calendars used to schedule items for
a group of users in one step.
calendar item
See
item.
calendar user-defined function code
In the
OfficeVision program, a user-created function code that allows user
application programs to be run from within the calendar function. See
also function code.
calibration
In capacity planning,
the process of refining a model so that it represents the system the user is
modeling. The predicted and measured values should match as closely as
possible, with no more than a 10% difference for resource utilization,
and no more than a 20% difference for response
times.
call
(1) The action of bringing a
computer program, a routine, or a subroutine into effect, usually by
specifying the entry conditions and jumping to an entry point.
(2) To transfer control to a procedure,
program, routine, or subroutine.
(3) In telephony, a physical or logical
connection (association) between one or more parties in a telephone
call. For example, a held call has two parties logically connected
although they are physically disconnected. A partial call is a
two-party call in which one of the two parties is a virtual party; this
can be viewed as a transient stage of the telephone
call.
callable interface (CI)
(1) The name of
the interface program, the definition of the arguments passed to the interface
program, and the definition of the data structures passed to the interface
program.
(2) In query
management, the Common Programming Interface (CPI) that includes the
definitions of the control blocks and constants used for the
interface.
callable services
Program
services provided through the programming interface. See also
action services, extract services, set
services, and programming
interface.
call control
That set of
telephony functions that includes call establishment, call transfer, and call
disconnection (the program control of a telephone
call).
call detail record (CDR)
In
telephony, a unit of information containing data about a completed call, such
as the time the call began, its duration and date, the originating extension,
and the number called.
called program
A program that is
the object of a CALL statement combined at run time with the calling program
to produce a run unit.
caller
The requester of a
service.
calling program
A program that
starts a CALL to another program.
call level
The position of an
entry (program or procedure) in the call stack. The first entry has a
call level of 1. Any entry called by a level 1 entry has a call level
of 2, and so on.
call level number
A unique number
assigned by the system to each call stack
entry.
call message queue
A message
queue that exists for each call stack entry within a
job.
CallPath
The IBM licensed program
that provides an application programming interface that allows AS/400
applications to integrate functions and information from a variety of
telephone systems.
call profile
In telephony, a set
of characteristics that may be used when establishing or manipulating a
program-controlled telephone call.
call queue
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), a first-in-first-out queue used by a Remote
Procedure Call server to hold incoming calls when the server is already
running the maximum number of concurrent
calls.
call stack
The ordered list of
all programs or procedures currently started for a job. The programs
and procedures can be started explicitly with the CALL instruction, or
implicitly from some other event.
call stack entry
A program or
procedure in the call stack.
call thread
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), a thread created by a remote procedure call
server's run time to execute remote procedures. When engaged by a
remote procedure call, a call thread temporarily forms part of the RPC thread
of the call. See application thread and RPC
thread.
call user data
In OSI,
user-specified data of up to 16 hexadecimal bytes that can be placed in an
X.25 call request packet to be sent to the adjacent
node.
cancel
(1) In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), a mechanism by which a thread informs either
itself or another thread to terminate the thread as soon as possible.
If a cancel arrives during an important operation, the canceled thread may
continue until it can terminate the thread in a controlled manner.
(2) In DCE Remote Procedure Call
(RPC), a mechanism by which a client thread notifies a server thread (the
canceled thread) to terminate the thread as soon as possible. See also
thread.
cancelation cleanup handler
A
function that you can specify to perform an action, such as releasing
resources, that occurs after the thread returns from the start routine and
calls pthread_exit() or after a cancelation request is performed on the
thread.
cancelation point
A function that
causes a pending cancelation request to be delivered if the cancelation state
is enabled and the cancelation type is
deferred.
cancelation state
One of two
values, which are either enabled or disabled, that describe whether
cancelation requests in the current thread are acted on or held in a pending
state. If the value is enabled, the cancelation request is acted on
immediately and is based on the current cancelation type. If the value
is disabled, the cancelation request is held in a pending state until it is
enabled.
cancelation type
One of two
values (deferred or asynchronous) that describe how cancelation requests in
the current thread are acted on when the cancelation state is enabled.
If the value is deferred, the cancelation request is held pending. If
the value is asynchronous, the cancel request is acted on immediately, thus
ending the thread with a status of
PTHREAD_CANCELED.
cancel key
A key that closes a
pull-down menu and moves the cursor to the associated choice on the menu
bar.
capability data
In OSI, a
confirmed data transfer service provided by the session layer to transfer a
limited amount of data outside of an activity. Capability data can be
used by two peers to exchange information about their capability to start an
activity.
capacitor
An electronic part that
permits storage of electricity.
capacity planner
A function that
uses information about the system, such as a description of the system's
workload, performance objectives, and configuration, to determine how the data
processing needs of the system can best be met. The capacity planner
then recommends, through the use of printed reports and graphs, ways to
enhance performance, such as hardware upgrades, performance tuning, or system
configuration changes.
capacity planning
The process of
determining the hardware configuration needs and performance of a
system.
card
A plug-in circuit
assembly.
card enclosure
The frame that
holds the logic cards.
card type
A 4-digit identifier
printed on the logic card.
carriage-control character
The
first character of an output record (line) that is to be printed, and that
shows the movement to be done before or after printing a record (write, space,
or skip).
carrier
A continuous frequency
that can be varied with a second signal to send
information.
carrier return
In the
OfficeVision program, a character that is automatically inserted at the end of
a full line of text as you type information on the display. The
character is not displayed in the audit window. See also required
carrier return.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
In
Ethernet, a media access method. The bus transmission medium is shared
among two or more stations. When a station has data to transmit, it
listens to determine if the transmission medium is free, and if so, begins to
transmit. If a collision is detected during transmission, the station
stops transmitting and waits a random amount of time before attempting to
transmit again.
cascaded initiator
An
intermediate node in a transaction program network that uses the two-phase
commit protocol.
cascaded menu
A menu that appears
from, and contains choices related to, a cascading choice in another
menu.
cascading choice
A choice on a
menu that, when selected, presents another menu with additional related
choices.
case-sensitive
Pertaining to the
ability to distinguish between uppercase and lowercase
letters.
cast
In the C language, an
expression that converts the type of the operand to a specified scalar data
type (the operator).
casting
In Java, explicit
conversion from one data type to another.
catalog
(1) In DB2 UDB for AS/400,
tables (maintained by the database manager) that contain descriptions of
objects, such as views and indexes.
(2) For System Manager, see
distribution catalog.
catalog view
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400, one of the views contained in a DB2 UDB for AS/400 SQL
catalog.
catalog views
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400, a set of views containing information about the objects in a
collection, such as tables, views, indexes, columns, packages, and
constraints.
catch-up
In a remote journal
network, the process of replicating journal entries that existed in the
journal receivers of the source journal before the remote journal was
activated.
CBJ
See Class Broker for
Java (CBJ).
CBX
See computerized branch
exchange (CBX).
CCA
See Common Cryptographic
Architecture (CCA).
CCB
See command control
block (CCB).
CCITT
The International Telegraph
and Telephone Consultative Committee.
CCS
See Common
Communications Support (CCS).
CCSID
See coded character
set identifier (CCSID) 65534 or coded character set identifier
(CCSID) 65535.
CCSID 65534
See coded
character set identifier (CCSID) 65534.
CCSID 65535
See character
set identifier (CCSID) 65535.
CD-R
See compact disc -
recordable (CD-R).
CDR
See call detail record
(CDR).
CDRA
See Character Data
Representation Architecture (CDRA).
CD-ROM
High-capacity read-only
memory in the form of an optically read compact disc. On AS/400, a
CD-ROM drive is also known as an optical
device.
CDS
See Cell Directory
Service (CDS).
CDS clerk
The software that
provides an interface between client applications and CDS
servers.
CDS Control Program (CDSCP)
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a command that CDS administrators use
to control CDS servers and clerks and to manage the namespace and its
contents. See also manager.
CDSCP
CDS control
program.
CE area
The name of a reserved
area on disk used for analyzing hardware.
CEBR
In CICS, a supplied
transaction that allows the user to browse temporary storage (TS) queues from
a CICS user-shell environment.
CECI
The CICS command-level
interpreter transaction. This supplied transaction allows application
programmers to interactively syntax check and test their API commands before
incorporating them into CICS application programs.
CECS
In CICS, a supplied
transaction that allows syntax checking of CICS API
commands.
CEDA
In CICS, the resource
definition transaction supplied to handle the manipulation of the CICS table
definitions. The two major functions within CEDA are PROCESS and
INSTALL.
CEDF
In CICS, the transaction
used to start the CICS Execution Diagnostic
Facility.
cell
The basic unit of operation
in the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE). A cell is a group of
users, systems, and resources that are grouped around a common purpose and
that share common DCE services.
Cell Directory Service (CDS)
A
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) component that manages a database of
information about the resources within a
cell.
cell-relative name
Synonym for
local name in the Distributed Computing Environment
(DCE).
Celsius
(1) Pertaining to a
particular temperature scale.
(2) A thermometric scale at which
water boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 0 degrees in standard atmospheric
pressure.
CEMT
The CICS master terminal
command. This supplied transaction allows the system administrator to
inquire about or change the status of resources (including programs,
transactions, files, queues, and terminals), and to shut down the control
region.
center alignment
In the
OfficeVision program, a character (C) on the scale line of a display that
marks the center of the document between the left and right
margins.
center alignment tab
In the
OfficeVision program, a tab that marks the midpoint where the text is to be
centered.
centralized directory service
In OSI, a
method of organizing directory services so that one node provides directory
service for other nodes. OSI Communications Subsystem supports only
centralized directory service.
centralized processing
In CICS,
processing in which the application is processed on a central processor, which
users access using a terminal. Contrast with distributed
processing.
central office (CO)
In telephony, a
switching system that connects customer lines to other customer lines or to
trunks. The central office is the point at which local subscriber lines
end for switching to other points. A central office-switching system
does not reside on a customer's
premises.
central processing unit (CPU)
The part
of a computer that includes the circuits that control the interpreting and
running of instructions. Synonymous with processing
unit.
central site
In a network of
AS/400 systems, the AS/400 system licensed to receive program temporary fixes
(PTFs) and distribution media from IBM. This system is also used to
provide problem handling support to other systems in a network. In a
distributed data processing network, the central site is usually defined as
the focal point in a communications network for alerts, application design,
and remote system management tasks such as problem
management.
central system
A single AS/400
system that handles all of the communications to an endpoint
system.
CERN
Conseil Européen pour la
Recherche Nucléaire (European Laboratory for Particle Physics).
Located in Geneva, Switzerland, CERN initiated the World Wide Web and was the
first organization to create a Web server. The CERN Web server is the
basis for many commercially available
servers.
certificate
In computer security,
a digital document that binds a public key to the identity of the certificate
owner, thereby enabling the certificate owner to be authenticated. A
certificate authority issues a
certificate.
certificate authority (CA)
In computer
security, an organization that issues certificates. The certificate
authority authenticates the certificate owner's identity and the services
that the owner is authorized to use. It also manages the issuance of
new certificates and revokes certificates from unauthorized users who are no
longer authorized to use them. A certificate authority is considered to
be trusted when a user accepts any certificate issued by that certificate
authority as proof of the certificate owner's
identity.
certificate authority (CA) certificate
In computer
security, a digital document that identifies an organization that issues
certificates.
CESF
In CICS, a supplied
transaction to sign off from CICS. This transaction signs the user off
from the user shell.
CGI
See common gateway
interface (CGI).
CGI program
A program that uses
the common gateway interface (CGI) to perform tasks that are not usually done
by the server, such as database access and form processing. The OS/400
operating system supports compiled CGI programs that are written in ILE C, ILE
RPG, and ILE COBOL languages.
CGI script
A program that uses
the common gateway interface (CGI) to perform tasks that are not usually done
by the server, such as form processing. A CGI script is typically
written in a programming language that is interpreted, such as
Perl.
CGU
See character generator
utility (CGU).
chain
(1) A group of logically linked
records.
(2) In DFU, a way to change from one
display format to another after the user signals that the first display format
was completed.
(3) In RPG, an operation code that
reads input records identified by specified relative record numbers or
keys.
(4) In SNA, a group of logically
linked records that are transferred over a communications line. See
also RU chain.
chaining
(1) A method of storing
records in which each record belongs to a list or group of records and has a
linking field for tracing the chain.
(2) In the Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE), a mode of interaction optionally used by a directory system
agent (DSA) that cannot perform an operation by itself. The DSA chains
by invoking the operation in another DSA and then relaying the outcome to the
original requester.
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
An authentication
protocol that protects against "eavesdropping" by encrypting the user
name and password.
change aggregate table
In
DataPropagator Relational, a target table that contains data aggregations
based on changes recorded for a base
table.
change authority
An object
authority that allows a user to perform all operations on the object except
those limited to the owner or controlled by object existence authority, object
management authority, object alter authority, and object reference
authority. The user can add, change, and delete entries in an object,
or read the contents of an entry in the object. Change authority
combines object operational authority and all the data
authorities.
change bar
A character used in
the left margin to indicate that a document line is
changed.
change capture program
In
DataPropagator Relational, a component that reads journal files of registered
base tables to capture data about changes made to source
tables.
change data control table
In
DataPropagator Relational, a table at the data server that relates each user
table to an associated change data table and consistent change data table, if
applicable. It also provides information about the base, change data,
and consistent change data tables.
change data table
In
DataPropagator Relational, a table at the data server that contains changed
data that is read by the change capture program from the DB2 UDB log and may
be used by the apply program for update and refresh
operations.
change-direction protocol
In SNA,
a data flow control function in which the sending logical unit stops sending
requests, signals the receiving logical unit using the change-direction
indicator (in the request/response header of the last request), and prepares
to receive requests.
changed subfile record
A subfile
record into which the work station user has entered data, or a subfile record
for which a write or change operation was issued with the DDS keyword
SFLNXTCHG or DSPATR(MDT) in effect.
change log
For directory
shadowing, a record of changes made to directory entries, departments, and
locations for the purpose of sending only the updates and not the entire
directory to collecting systems.
change management
In System
Manager, the discipline that provides for the planning, scheduling, applying,
and tracking of changes in an information system
environment.
change request (CRQ)
In System
Manager, an instance of a change request description that has been submitted
to run or is running. A change request is uniquely identified by the
change request name and a sequence
number.
change request description (CRQD)
An AS/400
system object that describes a change to be made to the computing
environment. The object, which is maintained only at the central site
AS/400 system or systems, consists of a list of activities that describe the
steps needed to make the change.
channel
See message
channel.
channel code
A number from 1 to
12 that identifies a position in a forms-control buffer or a page
definition.
channel service unit (CSU)
An
American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) unit that is part of the AT&T
nonswitched digital data system.
CHAP
See Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol (CHAP).
character
Any symbol that can be
entered on a keyboard, printed, or displayed. For example, letters,
numbers, and punctuation marks are all
characters.
character array
A named list or
table of character data.
character cell
In the GDDM
function, the imaginary box whose boundaries govern the size, orientation, and
spacing of individual characters to be displayed on a work
station.
character codes
In Client Access,
the ASCII or EBCDIC values assigned to the symbols or functions that are used
by a computer.
character constant
(1) The actual
character value (a symbol, quantity, or constant) in a source program that is
itself data, instead of reference to a field that contains the data.
Contrast with numeric constant.
(2) In the C language, a
character or an escape sequence enclosed in
apostrophes.
character conversion
In DB2 UDB
for AS/400, the conversion of a string from one coded character set to
another.
Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA)
An IBM
architecture that defines a set of identifiers, services, supporting
resources, and conventions to achieve a consistent representation, processing,
and interchange of characters (data) in AS/400 system and across IBM system
environments that support CDRA.
character data representation identifier
A tag that
is used to achieve data integrity. The Character Data Representation
Architecture specifies that you should tag all character data as it flows
through the system. You can tag using a short-form or a long-form
identifier. A coded character set identifier (CCSID) is an example of a
character data representation
identifier.
character expression
A character
constant, a simple character variable, an element of a character array, a
character-valued function reference, a substring reference, or a sequence of
the above separated by the concatenation operator (&) and
parentheses.
character field
An area that is
reserved for information that can contain any of the characters in the
character set. Contrast with numeric
field.
character format
In REXX, a
format that is used in the REXX conversion functions to indicate that data is
in a textual form as opposed to machine-readable
form.
character generator utility (CGU)
A
function of the Application Development ToolSet licensed program that is used
to define and maintain user-defined double-byte characters and related sort
information.
character grid
In Business
Graphics Utility, an invisible network of uniformly spaced horizontal and
vertical lines covering the chart area. Used by the Business Graphics
Utilty to determine the physical dimensions of the chart and the placement of
the data on it.
character grid unit
In Business
Graphics Utility, the distance between two adjacent horizontal or vertical
lines on a character grid.
character ID
See character
identifier (character ID).
character identifier (character ID)
(1) The
standard identifier for a character, regardless of its style. For
example, all uppercase A's have the same character identifier.
(2) On AS/400, a
4-byte binary value. The value is a concatenation of the graphic
character set global identifier followed by the code page global
identifier. For example, the character identifier for German (feature
2929) is 00697 00273.
characteristic attribute
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a type of attribute that reflects or
affects the behavior of a software entity. Characteristic attributes
generally can be set or changed.
character key
A keyboard key that
allows the user to type into the system the character shown on the key.
See also function key.
character large object
A character
string that contains single-byte characters with an associated code
page. Also known as CLOB.
character operator
A symbol
representing an operation to be performed on character data, such as
concatenation (joining the data or fields) in the control language
(CL).
character set
(1) A defined set of
characters with no coded representation assumed. A character set may be
defined by alphabet, by language, by script, or any combination of these
definitions. A character set is not, however, the same as a display
font or printer font.
(2) A group of characters used
for a specific reason; for example, the set of characters the display
station can display, the of characters a printer can print, or a particular
set of graphic characters in a code
page.
character set identifier (CCSID) 65534
The
character set identifier (CCSID) that is used to show that a CCSID value for
data at this level of processing is not relevant. When CCSID 65534
(X'FFFE') is associated with data, a CCSID value for the data should
be obtained from the tagged fields of elements that are at a lower level in
the defined hierarchy. For example, a file has CCSIDs tagged for each
individual field it contains. If the file is tagged with CCSID 65534,
processing is based on the CCSIDs assigned to each individual field instead of
the CCSID assigned to the file.
character set identifier (CCSID) 65535
The
character set identifier (CCSID) that is used to show that data associated
with the CCSID should not be processed as coded-graphic-character
data.
characters per inch (cpi)
The
number of characters printed horizontally within an inch across a
page.
character string
(1) A sequence of
consecutive characters that are used as a value.
(2) In COBOL, a sequence of
characters that form a COBOL word, a literal, a PICTURE character string, or a
comment.
(3) In DB2 UDB for AS/400,
a sequence of bytes or characters associated with a character
set.
character variable
(1) Character data
whose value is assigned or changed while the program is running.
(2) In the C language, a
data object whose value can be changed while a program is running and whose
data type is a signed or unsigned character.
chart
In Business Graphics
Utility, displayed, printed, or plotted output that compares one or more sets
of variable data in chart form. The types of charts are bar, line, pie,
surface, histogram, Venn diagram, and text.
chart area
In the GDDM function,
the part of the picture space in which a business chart is to be
drawn.
chart format
In Business Graphics
Utility, an object containing chart characteristics, such as the chart type,
chart heading, legend position, and so on. The chart format does not
include the data values to be plotted. The system-recognized identifier
for the object type is *CHTFMT.
chart layout
In Business Graphics
Utility, the arrangement of the various parts in the chart area and
surrounding margins.
CHASE
In SNA, a command used by
the host system to determine when the secondary logical unit has finished
processing all previously sent response units.
check box
A square box with
associated text that represents a choice. When a user selects the
choice, the check box is filled to indicate that the choice is
selected. The user can clear the check box by selecting the choice
again, thereby deselecting the choice.
check constraint
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400, a rule that limits the values allowed in a column or group of
columns. A check constraint can be defined for either a table or a
file.
check digit
The far right number
of a self-check field used to verify the accuracy of the
field.
check in
In the Application
Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed
program, to release the access key for a part so other users can change the
part.
check out
In the Application
Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed
program, to copy a part to a specific development group, if it is not there
already, and to set the access key for the part so no other application
developer can change it.
check pending
(1) The state that
occurs when a database does not know that a particular dependent file contains
only valid data relative to its associated parent file.
(2) A state that occurs on the
AS/400 system when data for a constraint for a database file cannot be
verified as valid. A constraint could be either a referential
constraint or a check constraint. For a referential constraint, one or
more key entries in the foreign key of the dependent file do not have
corresponding key entries in the parent key of the parent file. For a
check constraint, the data in the file does not satisfy the check constraint
expression.
checkpoint
(1) A place in a computer
program at which a check is made, or at which a recording of data is made to
allow the program to be restarted at a later time. (I)
(2) A point at which information
about the status of a job and the system can be recorded so that the job step
can be restarted later.
checkpoint size
In OSI
X.400, the maximum amount of data (in units of 1024 bytes) that can be
sent between two minor synchronization points. The checkpoint size is
used by the X.400 reliable transfer
server.
checksum protection
(1) A function
that protects data stored in an auxiliary storage pool from being lost because
of the failure of a single disk. When checksum protection is in effect
and a disk failure occurs, the system automatically reconstructs the data when
the system program is loaded after the device is repaired. Contrast
with device parity protection and mirrored
protection.
(2) In TCP/IP, the sum
of a group of data associated with the group and used for error checking
purposes.
checksum set
Units of auxiliary
storage defined in groups to provide a way for the system to recover data if a
disk failure occurs when checksum protection is in
effect.
child class
A class that inherits
instance methods, attributes, and instance variables directly from the parent
class (also known as the base class or superclass), or indirectly from an
ancestor class. A child class is known as a derived class or
a subclass.
child directory
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a Cell Directory Service (CDS)
directory that has a directory immediately above
it.
child pointer
In the DCE Cell
Directory Service, a pointer that connects a directory to a directory
immediately below it in a namespace.
child process
A process that is
created by a parent process and that shares the resources of the parent
process to carry out a request. Contrast with parent
process. See also fork.
child window
A window that
appears within the border of its parent window (either a primary window or
another child window). When the parent window is resized, moved, or
destroyed, the child window also is resized, moved, or destroyed.
However, the child window can be moved or resized independently from the
parent window, within the boundaries of the parent window. Contrast
with parent window.
choose
In Client Access for
Windows, to use the mouse or keyboard to pick a command or button to begin an
action. Contrast with select.
CI
See
callable interface (CI).
CICS
An IBM licensed program that
enables transactions entered at remote workstations to be processed
concurrently by user-written application programs. The licensed program
includes functions for building, using, and maintaining databases, and for
communicating with CICS programs on other operating
systems.
CICS group
An AS/400 library
containing the CICS resource definition for CICS
tables.
CICS-value data areas (CVDA)
CICS-supplied
values to certain data options on EXEC CICS
commands.
CIDR
See Classless
Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).
C interface
The interface that is
defined at a level that depends on the variant of C standardized by
ANSI.
CIP
See commit in progress
(CIP).
cipher block chaining
In
Cryptographic Support, a method of reducing repetitive patterns in ciphertext
by performing an exclusive-OR operation on each 8-byte block of data, with the
previously encrypted 8-byte block before it is
encrypted.
ciphertext
In Cryptographic
Support, data that is unintelligible to all except those who have the key to
decode it to plaintext. Contrast with
plaintext.
circuit breaker
A switch that
automatically interrupts an electric circuit because of an abnormal
condition.
CISC
See complex instruction
set computer (CISC).
CL
See
control language (CL).
C language
A language used to
develop application programs in compact, efficient code that can be run on
different types of computers with minimal change.
class
(1) An object that contains
specifications, such as priority, maximum processing time, and maximum
storage, to control the run-time environment of a job. The
system-recognized identifier for the object type is *CLS.
(2) In the Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE), a category into which objects are placed based on their
purpose and internal structure.
(3) In object-oriented programming, a
template for defining the methods and data for a set of like
objects.
(4) In Java, a type that defines the
implementation of a particular kind of object. A class definition
defines instance and class variables and methods. It also specifies the
interfaces that the class implements and the immediate superclass of the
class. If the superclass is not explicitly specified, the superclass
will implicitly be the Object.
class attributes
The values in a
class object that control the processing of routing steps in a job.
These values include the run priority, time slice, eligibility for purge,
default wait time, maximum processing unit time, and maximum temporary storage
parameters.
class binding signature
A
hexadecimal value that contains the class signature (obtained from the
signature bank) and the inheritance level. The class binding signature
is added to the Interface Definition Language (IDL) source file by the
signature emitter.
Class Broker for Java (CBJ)
A Java tool that
allows Java applications to run on a host system that does not have a
graphical user interface (GUI). Because the AS/400 Developer Kit for
Java Remote Abstract Window Toolkit is not recommended for complex graphics or
highly interactive operations, you can use CBJ for high-performance GUI
services.
class condition
In COBOL, a
condition that specifies the character content of a data item as all
alphabetic or all numeric.
class file
A stream file that is
produced when the Java compiler compiles a source
file.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
A method
for adding class C Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. The addresses are
given to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for use by their customers.
CIDR addresses reduce the size of routing tables and make more IP addresses
available within organizations.
class mask
A network mask that is
derived solely on the basis of the network class of an Internet Protocol (IP)
address.
class method
(1) A method that
creates class instances. Also known as a factory method or a
constructor.
(2) In Java, a method that is
called without referring to a particular object. Class methods affect
the class as a whole, not a particular instance of the class. Class
method is also known as static method. See also
instance method.
class-name
In COBOL, a
user-defined word defined in the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph of the Environment
Division that assigns a name to the proposition, for which a truth value can
be defined, to verify that the content of a data item consists exclusively of
those characters listed in the definition of the
class-name.
class object
An object that
identifies the run attributes of a job. The system-recognized
identifier for the object type is *CLS.
class of service
A set of link
and node characteristics, associated with a session or a set of sessions, that
determine the route that is selected for the sessions through an APPN
network. See also class-of-service
description.
class-of-service description
A system
object created for Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) support that
provides the information required to assign relative priority to the
transmission groups and intermediate routing nodes for an APPN session.
The system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*COSD.
classpath
An environmental
variable that tells the Java Virtual Machine and other Java applications (for
example, the Java tools located in the JDK1.1.X\bin directory)
where to find the class libraries, including user-defined class
libraries.
class signature
A hexadecimal
value obtained from an AS/400 and placed in a signature bank on the
workstation. The signature bank uniquely identifies an Interface
Definition Language (IDL) interface. Class signatures are added to the
IDL source file by the signature emitter. See also method
signature.
class-specific attribute
In the
DCE Cell Directory Service (CDS), an attribute that has meaning only to a
particular class of object and to the application of that select
class.
class 0
In OSI, a synonym for
transport class 0.
class 2
In OSI, a synonym for
transport class 2.
class 4
In OSI, a synonym for
transport class 4.
clause
(1) In COBOL, a set of
consecutive character strings that specify a characteristic of an
entry. There are three types of clauses: data, environment, and
file.
(2) The fundamental grouping of REXX
syntax. A clause is composed of zero or more blanks, a sequence of
tokens, zero or more blanks, and the semicolon delimiter.
(3) In SQL, a distinct part of a
statement in the language structure, such as a SELECT clause or a WHERE
clause.
cleanup interval
The length of
time to wait before removing obsolete data.
CLEAR
In SNA, a command used to
delete all requests and responses related to the active
session.
clearinghouse
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), a collection of directory replicas on one Cell
Directory Service (CDS) server. A clearinghouse takes the form of a
database file.
clearinghouse object entry
In the
DCE Cell Directory Service (CDS), a special class of object entry that
describes a clearinghouse. The clearinghouse object entry is a pointer
to the network address of an actual clearinghouse.
clerk
(1) In the DCE Distributed Time
Service (DTS), a software component that synchronizes the clock for its client
system by requesting time values from servers, computing a new time from the
values, and supplying the computed time to client applications.
(2) In the DCE Cell Directory Service
(CDS), a software component that receives CDS requests from a client
application, ascertains an appropriate CDS server to process the requests, and
returns the results of the requests to the client
application.
click
To press and release a
mouse button without moving the pointer off the choice. See also
double-click.
client
(1) A computer or process that
accesses the data, services, or resources of another computer or process on
the network. Contrast with server.
(2) A system that is dependent on a
server to provide it with programs or access to programs.
(3) Any program that communicates
with TCP/IP Utilities or uses its
services.
Client Access asynchronous communications
The support
that connects the personal computer or Personal System/2 work station to the
ASCII Work Station Controller on the AS/400
system.
Client Access Express for Windows
The IBM
licensed program that allows Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, and Windows
2000 clients to perform client/server functions from a personal computer over
TCP/IP.
client application
A Microsoft
Windows application that makes dynamic data exchange (DDE) requests.
Any Windows application that supports DDE can be a client application as long
as a host server has been created to handle requests from the client
application.
client application thread
In DCE
Remote Procedure Call, a thread executing client application code that makes
one or more remote procedure calls. See application thread,
local application thread, RPC Thread, and server
application thread.
client binding information
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), information about a calling client
provided by the client run time to the server run time, including the address
where the call originated, the RPC protocol used for the call, the requested
object UUID, and client authentication information. See binding
information and server binding
information.
client context
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), the state within a Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
server generated by a set of remote procedures and maintained across a series
of calls for a particular client. See context handle.
See also manager.
client/server
(1) The model of
interaction in a network in which a program sends a request to another local
or remote program and waits for a response. This interaction is not
limited to exchange between different systems and can be on the same
system. Most client/servers have more than one client making requests
of the server.
(2) In TCP/IP, the model of
interaction in distributed data processing in which a program at one site
sends a request to a program at another site and awaits a response. The
requesting program is called a client; the answering program is called a
server.
client stub
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), the surrogate code for a Remote Procedure Call
(RPC) interface that is linked with and called by the client application
code. In addition to general operations such as marshaling data, a
client stub calls the RPC run time to perform remote procedure calls and,
optionally, to manage bindings.
clipboard
An area of computer
memory, or storage, that temporarily holds data. Data in the clipboard
is available to other applications.
clipping
In the GDDM function,
the process of cutting off the image at the border of the display but allowing
the coordinates of the lines to extend beyond.
CLNP
See connectionless-mode
network protocol (CLNP).
CLNS
See connectionless-mode
network service (CLNS).
CLNS path
In OSI, a path used
when the connectionless-mode network service is used. Each CLNS path
names data terminal equipment (DTE) to be used for outbound
communication.
CLNS path maintenance
In OSI, an
option of whether or not to maintain a CLNS path to an adjacent node
permanently (until OSI Communications Subsystem is restarted), or release the
path when no active CLNS connection uses it. These connections include
both network management and directory service connections and connections
between customer programs.
CLNS path set
In OSI, a path set
used when the connectionless-mode network service is
used.
CLOB
See character large
object.
clock
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), the combined hardware interrupt timer and
software register that maintains the system
time.
clock adjustment
In the DCE
Distributed Time Service (DTS), the process of changing the system clock time
by modifying the incremental value that is added to the clock's software
register for a specified duration.
clocking
In communications, a
method of controlling the number of data bits sent on a communications line in
a specified time.
close
The function that ends the
connection between a file and a program, and ends the processing.
Contrast with open.
closed user group
In X.25,
one of the packet-switching data network optional user facilities.
Users of data terminal equipment that are connected in a group can send and
receive information only within that group. Any data terminal equipment
can be connected to more than one group. See also optional user
facilities.
closure line
In the GDDM
function, a line added by the system to enclose an area being filled with a
pattern, in instances when the routines that precede the GSENDA routine fail
to form an enclosed area.
cluster
(1) A collection of complete
systems that work together to provide a single, unified computing
capability. An AS/400 cluster is made up of only AS/400
systems.
(2) In SNA, a group of stations that
consist of a controller (cluster controller) and the work stations attached to
it.
Cluster feature
A feature that
provides four cable connections and allows up to four work stations to be
attached to a 5251 Model 12 Display Station. See also Dual Cluster
feature.
clustering
The ability to group
independent systems to work together as a single system.
cluster membership list
A set of cluster
nodes that have been configured for a cluster.
ClusterProven for AS/400
An IBM designation
that defines certain high-availability requirements that are applied to a
software product either by itself or in combination with other software
products. A solution that satisfies the technical criteria of these
requirements can be validated with IBM and licensed to be marketed with
IBM's ClusterProven trademark.
cluster resource
Any part of the
system that is available across multiple cluster nodes. The two types
of system resources that can be resilient are the following:
- Objects that are kept up to date by using replication.
- A resilient application and its associated IP address, which can be
switched.
See also cluster and node.
cluster resource group
A collection of
related cluster resources that defines actions to be taken during a
switch-over operation of the access point of resilient resources. The
group describes a recovery domain and supplies the name of the cluster
resource group exit program that manages the movement of an access
point.
cluster resource group manager (CRGM)
A highly
available client server application that uses the integrated cluster resource
services to configure, define, monitor, and administer a cluster of AS/400
systems.
cluster resource services
A set of OS/400
system service functions that support AS/400 cluster
implementations.
CMC
See Common Messaging
Call (CMC).
CMIP
See common management
information protocol (CMIP).
CMIS
See common management
information service (CMIS).
CMS
See conversational
monitor system (CMS).
CMT
See committed
(CMT).
CO
See
central office (CO).
coaxial cable
A cable consisting
of one conductor, usually a small copper wire, within and insulated from
another conductor of larger diameter, usually copper tubing or copper
braid. Coaxial cable is used on the 3270 family
devices.
COBOL character
Any of the 51
characters of the COBOL character
set.
COBOL (common business oriented language)
A
high-level programming language, based on English, that is used primarily for
commercial data processing.
COBOL word
In COBOL, a character
string of not more than 30 characters that forms a user-defined word, a
system-name, or a reserved word.
codec (COder-DECoder)
An electronic
circuit that converts voice or video into digital code, or that converts
digital code into voice or
video.
coded character set identifier (CCSID) 65534
The
coded character set identifier (CCSID) that is used to show that a CCSID value
for data at this level of processing is not relevant. When CCSID 65534
(X'FFFE') is associated with data, a CCSID value for the data should
be obtained from the tagged fields of elements that are at a lower level in
the defined hierarchy. For example, a file has CCSIDs that are tagged
for each individual field it contains. If the field is tagged with
CCSID 65534, processing is based on the CCSIDs assigned to each individual
field instead of the CCSID assigned to the
file.
coded character set identifier (CCSID) 65535
An
identifier that is used to show that the associated data should not be
processed as coded-graphic-character data. CCSID 65535
(X'FFFF') cannot be represented in long form. Data that is
associated with CCSID 65535 should be interpreted as "actual representation
is unknown" as defined in Character Data Representation
Architecture-Level 2, IBM Registry. You cannot convert data that
is associated with CCSID 65535 from one CCSID to another. The coded
character set identifier (CCSID) that is used to show that data associated
with the CCSID should not be processed as coded-graphic-character
data.
coded font
In AFP support, a font
file that associates a code page and a font character set. For
double-byte fonts, a coded font associates multiple pairs of code pages and
font character sets.
coded graphic character-set ID
A 10-digit
identifier (two 5-digit identifiers separated by a space) that is the
combination of a graphic character-set ID and a code-page ID. See also
graphic character-set ID and code-page
ID.
code load
In System Manager, the
type of product load that contains all of the product code that does not
require translation to other languages, such as the code for displays, menus,
and messages. However, if a product is never going to be translated,
the code may contain all the product code.
code page
(1) A specification of code
points for each graphic character set or for a collection of graphic character
sets. Within a given code page, a code point can have only one specific
meaning. A code page is also sometimes known as a code
set.
(2) In AFP support, a font file
that associates code points and graphic character
identifiers.
code page global identifier (CPGID)
A 5-digit
decimal identifier that is assigned to a code page. The range of CPGID
values is 00001 to 65.
code-page ID
A 5-digit registered
identifier used to specify a particular assignment of code points to graphic
characters. The code-page ID is the second part of the QCHRID system
value or the CHRID parameter value. See also graphic character-set
ID.
code point
(1) One of the bit
patterns assigned to a character in a character set. On the AS/400
system, a code point is represented by a hexadecimal number. For
example, in code page 256 (EBCDIC), the letter "e" is assigned a code
point of hex 85.
(2) The representation of
characters by 1 or more bytes of information. Each graphic character
has hexadecimal values (code points) assigned to it. A computer uses
code points for entering, storing, changing, viewing, printing, or exchanging
characters.
(3) An identifier in an alert
description that represents a short unit of text. The code point is
replaced with the text by an alert display program.
(4) In AFP support, an 8-bit
binary number representing one of 256 potential characters.
(5) For SNA alerts, a 1-or 2-byte
hexadecimal code that designates a particular piece of text to be displayed at
the focal point.
coexistence
(1) The ability of
different types of systems to support a program.
(2) The ability of two different
types of programs to function on the same system.
(3) The ability of two different
types of systems to function in the same
network.
coherency check
Verification that
the current state of an object satisfies the programmer-defined invariant
properties of its class.
coherent
Pertaining to an object
in which all data values satisfy the invariant properties. If any
invariant property is not satisfied, the object is not coherent. See
also coherency check and
invariant.
cold start
(1) A process in which all
noninstalled objects created by the system, such as the internal job table,
job message queues, jobs on job queues, or spooled files on output queues, are
deleted as a group and re-created if appropriate.
(2) In CICS, a method of
recovering temporary storage and transient data queues when a CICS control
region is started. Temporary storage and transient data queues are
cleared with a cold start.
collapse
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), to remove the contents of a directory from the
display (close it) using the Cell Directory Service (CDS) browser.
Contrast with expand.
collate
To combine and arrange in
order.
collating sequence
The order in
which characters are arranged within the computer for sorting, combining, or
comparing.
collator
A device that combines
and arranges pages in order.
collection
(1) An object that
consists of, and logically classifies, a set of objects, such as tables,
views, and indexes.
(2) A set of objects created by
DB2 UDB for AS/400 SQL that consists of, and logically classifies, a set of
objects, such as tables, views, and indexes. A DB2 UDB for AS/400 SQL
collection consists of a library; catalog views that contain descriptions
and information for all tables, views, indexes, files, packages, and
constraints created in the library; a journal and journal receiver that
are used to record changes on all tables created in the collection; and,
optionally, a data dictionary.
(3) Data obtained by a collector
that represents the system status at a given point in time. Collections
are timestamped and stored in a management collection
object.
collector
A generic name for a
program that at regular intervals collects data about the status of the
system.
collector system
For directory
shadowing, a system that receives initial or changed Enterprise Address Book
(EAB) data from a supplier system in a network. Contrast with
supplier system.
collision
In Ethernet, a
condition where two or more stations transmit at the same time, causing the
transmission to be unintelligible.
collision detect
In Performance
Tools, a counter that counts the total number of times the terminal equipment
(TE) detected that the frames it transmitted were damaged by another TE trying
to use the same bus.
collision detection
In Ethernet,
the capability to determine that a collision
occurred.
colon alignment tab
In the
OfficeVision program, a tab setting that aligns data on a
colon.
color
In computer systems, a
color is usually represented by a triplet called RGB (red, green, and blue)
signals. Most computer monitors require RGB signals to drive the
3-colored phosphors of a color monitor.
color palette
(1) In Business
Graphics Utility, the range of colors defined by hue, lightness, and
saturation to be used when a chart is displayed on a graphics-capable
display.
(2) A set of colors that can
be displayed on the display at one time. This can be standard set used
for all images or a set that can be customized for each
image.
column
(1) In relational database, a
field defined for a given record.
(2) In DB2 UDB for AS/400, the
vertical part of a table. A column has a name and a particular data
type (for example, character, decimal, or integer).
(3) In COBOL, a character position
within a print line. The columns are numbered from one, by one,
starting at the farthest-left character position of the print line and
extending to the farthest-right position of the print
line.
column function
In SQL, a process
that calculates a value from a set of values and expresses it as a function
name followed by an argument enclosed in
parentheses.
column list merge
In the
OfficeVision program, a type of data/text merge that produces, in a printed
document, a column list containing items from each data record
selected. See also direct merge and multiple letters
merge.
column mode
In the OfficeVision
program, a way of entering or changing text that allows you to move, copy, and
delete blocks of tabular information (columns) without moving the entire
line.
column separator
A symbol on each
side of a position of a field on a display. This symbol does not occupy
a position on the display.
combination box
A control that
combines the capabilities of an entry field and a list box. The list
box contains choices that a user can select from to complete the entry
field.
combined alert
In the NetView
program, an alert that includes both a nongeneric alert and a generic alert in
one network management vector
transport.
combined condition
In COBOL, a
condition that is the result of connecting two or more conditions with the AND
or the OR logical operator.
combined file
In RPG, a data file
that is used as both an input file and an output file. The fields are
not necessarily the same in the input and output
records.
combined function input/output processor (CFIOP)
A card that contains some
multifunction input/output processor (MFIOP) capabilities as well as Ethernet
and token-ring controllers. This processor does not contain server
processor functions. See also input/output processor (IOP)
and multifunction input/output processor (MFIOP).
combined station
In high-level
data link control (HDLC), the part of a data station that supports the
combined control functions of the data link, generates commands and responses
for transmission, and interprets received commands and
responses.
comma
In REXX, a token that
represents the continuation character, a separator of arguments in an argument
list, or a separator in a parsing
template.
comma alignment tab
In the
OfficeVision program, a tab setting that aligns data on a
comma.
command
(1) A statement used to
request a function of the system. A command consists of the command
name abbreviation, which identifies the requested function, and its
parameters.
(2) In CICS, an instruction similar
in format to a high-level language instruction; the statement begins with
EXEC CICS.
(3) In Client Access for Windows, a
word or phrase in a menu that is used to initiate an action. See also
menu.
(4) In REXX, a single clause
consisting of only an expression. The expression is evaluated and the
result is passed as a command string to the default or specified
environment.
(5) In SDLC, a frame transmitted by
a primary station. Asynchronous balanced mode stations send both
commands and responses. Contrast with response.
(6) In SNA, any field set in the
transmission header (TH), request header (RH), or request unit (RU) that
states an action or that starts a
protocol.
command attention (CA) key
In DDS,
a keyboard key that can be specified with the CA keyword to request the
function specified by the keyword. Data is not returned to the
system. Contrast with command function (CF)
key.
command control block (CCB)
In the IBM
Token-Ring Network, a specifically formatted block of information provided
from the application program to the adapter support software to request an
operation.
command definition
An object that
contains the definition of a command (including the command name, parameter
descriptions, and validity-checking information) and identifies the program
that performs the function requested by the command. The
system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*CMD.
command definition statement
A source
statement that defines keywords and parameter values, qualified names,
elements in a list, parameter requirements and interrelationships, and prompt
text for a command. Command definition statements are used to create a
CL command.
command file
(1) In Client Access,
the file that is used to establish the Client Access environment and to start
its functions.
(2) In the OS/2 program, a PC
file with a file name extension of .CMD that functions like a batch
file in DOS.
(3) In RJE, a remote job input
stream that can contain host system commands and job control language (JCL),
data, and RJE control statements (READFILE or EOF). Contrast with
data file.
command function (CF) key
In DDS, a
keyboard key that can be specified with the CF keyword to request the function
specified by the keyword. Data is returned to the system.
Contrast with command attention (CA)
key.
command key indicator
In RPG, an
indicator defined to correspond with the function keys to tell the program
when one of the function keys is pressed.
command length
In query
management, one of the arguments passed to the language-specific interface
programs that specifies the length of the query command to be
run.
command level
Pertaining to an
operation that is performed for a specific command in a program. For
example, a Monitor Message (MONMSG) command that immediately follows a
specific command in a CL program is a command-level MONMSG command.
Contrast with program level.
command line
The blank line on a
display where commands, option numbers, or selections can be
entered.
command name
In query management,
the verb in a query command that specifies the action to be
performed.
command processing program (CPP)
A program
that processes a command. This program performs some validity checking
and processes the command so that the requested function is
performed.
command prompt
A displayed
character (or string of characters) that indicates that a user may enter a
command to be processed.
command string
In query
management, a character string that contains a query
command.
COMMAREA
A CICS communication
area used for passing data between programs within a transaction or between
transactions from the same terminal.
comment
(1) Source program
information that is not translated by the compiler. A comment consists
of the characters (on one or more lines) beginning with /* and ending with
*/.
(2) In the C language, a token
consisting of characters (on one or more lines) delimited by /* and */.
Comments can be written anywhere in the program.
(3) In REXX, a token consisting of
characters (on one or more lines) beginning with /* and ending with */.
Comments can be written anywhere in the program and may be nested.
(4) In SQL, source program
information that is not translated by the compiler. The format of a
comment is language specific.
comment-entry
In COBOL, an entry
in the Identification Division of the source program that may be any
combination of characters from the character set of the computer. The
comment-entry is written in area B on one or more lines.
Comment-entries serve only as documentation and are not translated by the
compiler.
comment line
In COBOL, a source
program line represented by an asterisk (*) in the indicator area of the line
and any characters from the computer's character set in area A and area B
of that line. The comment line serves only for documentation in a
program.
commit
To make all changes
permanent that were made to data since the last commit or rollback
operation. When a commit operation occurs, the locks are released to
allow other applications to use the changed data. See also
two-phase commit.
commit cycle
The sequence of
changes made between commitment
boundaries.
commit cycle identifier
The
journal sequence number associated with the start commitment operation that is
used to identify the journal entries in a particular commit
cycle.
commit identifier
The information
that associates the commit operation with a specific set of committable
resource changes. The commit ID is placed in the notify object if a
system or routing step failure occurs, or if uncommitted changes exist when a
routing step ends normally. The commit ID contains information
(supplied on the commit statement) about the last successful transaction
(group of changes that appear as a single change); for example, the
transfer of funds from savings to a checking account. See also
notify object.
commit in progress (CIP)
The commit
in progress logical unit of work (LUW) state indicates that all the resources
associated with this logical unit of work have been prepared after a unanimous
vote to commit. The protected resource managers are in the process of
committing.
commitment boundary
In a
commitment controlled environment, any time there are no outstanding changes
for a committable resource existing within a
job.
commitment control
A means of
grouping committable resource operations to allow either the processing of a
group of committable resource changes as a single unit through the Commit
command, or the removing of a group of committable resource changes as a
single unit through the Rollback
command.
commitment definition
Information
used by the system to maintain the commitment control environment throughout a
routing step and, in the case of a system failure, throughout an IPL (initial
program load). This information is obtained from the Start Commitment
Control (STRCMTCTL) command, which establishes the commitment control
environment, and the file open information in a routing step. The
commitment definition has a scope either to the job or to a particular
activation group within the job.
commit point
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400, the point in time when data is considered to be
consistent.
committable resource
A local or
remote AS/400 object that can be placed under commitment
control.
committable update
An operation
that results in a change to an object such that the object is under commitment
control.
committed (CMT)
The committed
logical unit of work (LUW) state indicates that the current LUW is
committed. All agents have committed and returned a reply to this
node.
common carrier
In data
communications, any government-regulated company in the United States or
Canada that provides communications services to the general public.
Examples are: the government-regulated telephone and telegraph companies
in the United States, the General Post Office in the United Kingdom, the
Bundespost in Germany, and Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Public Corporation
in Japan.
Common Communications Support (CCS)
The
Systems Application Architecture (SAA) component that defines architectures
and protocols that interconnect systems and devices in an SAA environment and
allow data to be interchanged among them.
Common Cryptographic Architecture (CCA)
An IBM
architecture that enables a consistent approach to cryptography on major IBM
computing systems.
common gateway interface (CGI)
A
standard for the exchange of information between a Web server and computer
programs that are external to it. The external programs can be written
in any programming language that is supported by the operating system on which
the Web server is running.
common key
In COBOL, the key
fields that are common to all record formats in the file starting with the
first key field (the most significant) and ending with the last key field (the
least significant).
common management information protocol (CMIP)
In OSI,
the management protocol (ISO 9596-2) that supports the common management
information service.
common management information service (CMIS)
In OSI,
the set of services defined by ISO 9595. The common management
information service is used by agent processes and managing processes to
communicate.
Common Messaging Call (CMC)
An
application programming interface (API) defined by the X.400 API
Association.
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
An
industry standard for a platform-independent and language-neutral interface
definition language (IDL). CORBA is defined by a consortium known as
the Object Management Group (OMG).
common program
In COBOL, a
program that, despite being directly contained within another program, can be
called from any program directly or indirectly contained in that other
program.
Common Programming Interface Communications (CPI-C)
A
call-level interface that provides a consistent application programming
interface for applications that use program-to-program communications.
The interface makes use of SNA's LU 6.2 architecture to
establish a conversation, to send and receive data, to exchange control
information, to end a conversation, and to notify a partner program of
errors.
Common Programming Interface (CPI)
In the
Systems Application Architecture (SAA) solution, a set of software interfaces,
conventions, languages, and protocols that provide a framework for writing
applications with cross-system
consistency.
Common User Access (CUA)
Pertaining
to a Systems Application Architecture (SAA) specification that gives a series
of guidelines describing the way information should be displayed on a screen,
and the interaction techniques between users and
computers.
common user ID
See common
user identification (common user
ID).
common user identification (common user ID)
In Client
Access, the user identification of a Client Access user that is used by the
router when establishing a communications connection with a host system if a
user ID is not specified in either the CONFIG.PCS file or in an
alternative configuration file. The router uses this common user ID
when connecting the personal computer to each additional host system.
See also user identification (user
ID).
common work area (CWA)
A work area
that can be accessed by any transaction in the CICS
system.
communication port
(1) An access point for data
entry or exit to or from a communication device such as a workstation.
(2) On a personal computer, a
serial port to which a stand-alone modem can be attached.
communications adapter
A part
that electrically or physically connects a computer or device to a data
communications network.
communications area
In query
management, a control block used to communicate between the system code
supporting the Common Programming Interface (CPI) and the application program
using the CPI.
communications configuration
The
physical placement of communications controllers, the attachment of
communications lines, and so forth; and the configuration descriptions
that describe the physical configuration to the system and describe how the
configuration will be used by the system. See also line
configuration, controller configuration, and device
configuration.
communications controller
The I/O
processor card in the card
enclosure.
communications data format
In RJE,
the output data received from the host system is left the same as it was
received (either compressed, or data cut off at the end, or
both).
communications feature type
The
4-digit number that IBM assigns to identify the different packages of
communications cards and cables available on the AS/400
system.
communications job
A batch job
that is started by a program start request from a remote
system.
communications line
The physical
link (such as a wire or a telephone circuit) that connects one or more work
stations to a communications controller, or connects one controller to
another. Contrast with data link
protocol.
communications manager
An OS/2
program that lets a workstation connect to a host computer and use the host
resources as well as the resources of other personal computers to which the
workstation is attached, either directly or through a host system.
Communications manager provides application program interfaces (APIs) so that
users can develop their own
applications.
communications security
A system
option that requires the identity of a remote location to be verified before
that location can run programs on your
system.
communications side information
In CPI
Communications, an object that contains initialization parameters, such as the
name of the partner program with which a program can establish a conversation
and the name of the logical unit (LU) at the partner program's node, which
CPI Communications requires to establish a conversation. The
system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*CSI.
Communications Subsystem
See
OSI Communications
Subsystem.
communications type
A method for
application programs to communicate on a local AS/400 system, or between a
local AS/400 system and a remote system using the intersystem communications
function (ICF). Examples of these communications methods include (a)
asynchronous communications, (b) binary synchronous communications (BSC), (c)
intrasystem communications, or (d) Systems Network Architecture (SNA), such as
advanced program-to-program communications (APPC) and SNA upline facility
(SNUF).
Communications Utilities
The IBM
licensed program that contains the VM/MVS bridge and the remote job entry
function. Communications Utilities provides a method of exchanging mail
or files and submitting or receiving jobs between connected
systems.
community
In System Manager, the
relationship between a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent and one
or more SNMP managers. The community describes which SNMP manager
requests the SNMP agent should honor.
commutative
Combining
mathematical elements or having elements that combine in a way that the result
is independent of the order in which they are processed. For example,
such that a + b = b + a and
a x b = b x a.
compact
To replace repetitive
bits in a file or folder with control bits so that the file or folder takes up
less space when saved.
compact disc
A disc, usually
4-3/4 inches in diameter, from which data is read optically by means of a
laser.
compact disc - recordable (CD-R)
A device
that can write data to compact disc recordable (CD-R) discs. A CD-R
then can be read like CD-ROM media.
compaction
A function that
removes repetitive bits from the data being processed and replaces the
repetitive bits with control bits. Compaction reduces the amount of
storage space required for the data. See also
compression.
comparison operator
(1) In REXX, an
operator that compares two terms and returns the value 1 if the result of the
comparison is true, or 0 if it is not true.
(2) In SQL, a symbol
(such as =, <, >) used to specify a relationship between two values.
Also known as relational operator for OS/400 control language (CL)
and COBOL.
compatibility
Ability to work in
the system or ability to work with other devices or
programs.
compatible
Pertaining to the
characteristics that make devices, programs, products, or systems work
together.
compatible server
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a server that offers the requested
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) interface and RPC object and that is accessible
over a valid combination of network and transport
protocols.
compilation
Translation of a
source program (such as RPG or COBOL specifications) into a program in machine
language. In Integrated Language Environment (ILE) languages,
compilation translates source statements into modules, which then can be bound
into programs or service programs.
compilation unit
A portion of a
computer program sufficiently complete to be compiled
correctly.
compile
(1) To translate a
compilation unit written in a high-level programming language into an object
containing machine-language instructions. In the original program model
(OPM), the object type is *PGM. In the Integrated Language Environment
(ILE) model, the object type is *MODULE.
(2) In Integrated Language
Environment (ILE) languages, to translate source statements into modules that
then can be bound into programs or service
programs.
compiled program
In the original
program model (OPM), the set of machine language instructions that is the
output from the compilation of a source program. The actual processing
of data is done by the machine-language program. The system-recognized
identifier for the object type is *PGM.
compiler
(1) A program that
translates programming language into machine language for use by the
computer. In the original program model (OPM), output from the compiler
is identified to the system as *PGM. In the Integrated Language
Environment (ILE), the output from the compiler is identified to the system as
*MODULE.
(2) In Integrated Language
Environment (ILE) languages, a program that translates source statements into
modules that then can be bound into programs or service
programs.
compiler-directing statement
(1) A
statement that controls what the compiler does rather than what the compiled
program does.
(2) In COBOL, a
statement, beginning with a compiler-directing verb, that causes the compiler
to take a specific action during compilation. The compiler-directing
statements are the COPY, ENTER, REPLACE, and USE statements.
(3) In RPG, an
instruction that controls a compilation listing or causes records to be
inserted. The four compiler directives are /TITLE, /EJECT, /SPACE, and
/COPY.
compiler listing
A printout that
is produced by compiling a program or creating a file and that optionally
includes, for example, a line-by-line list of the high-level language source,
a cross-reference list, diagnostic information; and for programs, the
description of the externally described files. See also source
listing.
compile time
The time during
which a source program is translated by a compiler into a machine-language
program.
compile-time array
In RPG, an
array that is compiled with the source program and becomes a permanent part of
the program. Contrast with run-time array and
prerun-time array.
compile-time table
In RPG, a
table that is built into the source program and that becomes a permanent part
of the compiled program. Contrast with prerun-time table and
run-time table.
complement
In Cryptographic
Support, a binary value that, in an exclusive-OR operation with a given binary
value of the same length, produces a binary value of all
ones.
complement of a number
The value
that can be added to the number to equal a given
value.
complete
In DataPropagator
Relational, a table attribute that indicates the table contains a row for
every primary key value of interest. As a result, a complete source
table can be used to perform a refresh of a target
table.
completion code
In MQSeries, a
return code indicating how a Message Queue Interface (MQI) call has
ended.
completion message
A message that
tells the operator when work is successfully
ended.
complex condition
In COBOL, a
condition in which one or more logical operators (AND, OR or NOT) act on one
or more conditions. Complex conditions include negated simple
conditions, combined conditions, and negated combined conditions. See
conditional expression and simple
condition.
complex instruction set computer (CISC)
A
computer that uses the traditional processor architecture to process
instructions. Contrast with reduced instruction set computer
(RISC).
complex number
A number
consisting of an ordered pair of real numbers, expressible in the form a+bi,
where a and b are real numbers and i squared equals minus
one.
compliance type
In OS/400
licensed management, the value that determines the action the product must
take when the authorized usage limit is reached or exceeded. The
warning compliance type indicates users are never denied access to a
product. The operation action compliance type means that new users are
denied access to the product once the usage limit is reached, but users that
are currently using the product still have
access.
component
In VisualAge RPG, a
functional grouping of classes and related files within a
product.
composite bar chart
In the GDDM
function, a bar chart in which multiple vertical axis values for the same
horizontal axis value are stacked one on top of another. Contrast with
multiple bar chart. See also floating bar
chart.
composite bar graph
In
Performance Tools, a bar graph in which multiple vertical axis values for the
same horizontal axis value are stacked one on top of another. See also
floating bar graph.
composite calendar
In the
OfficeVision program, a calendar that displays the calendar items for up to
seven days for up to ten people.
composite key
(1) A key for a file or
record format that is composed of more than one key field.
(2) In DB2 UDB for AS/400, an
ordered set of columns of the same table. The ordering of the columns
is not constrained by their ordering within the table.
composite part
In VisualAge RPG,
a collection of controls selected by the user on the GUI designer tool suite
and then placed in the parts palette. See also GUI
designer.
composite project
A container
holding projects or composite projects, or both. Composite projects are
used to organize the projects associated with the software
application.
compound condition
In COBOL, a
statement that tests two or more relational expressions. The result can
be true or false.
compound symbol
In REXX, a symbol
that permits the substitution of variables within its name, when referred
to. A compound symbol contains at least one period and at least two
other characters. It cannot start with a digit or a period, and if
there is only one period in the compound symbol, it cannot be the last
character. The compound symbol begins with a stem (that part of the
symbol up to and including the first period). The stem is followed by
the tail (the parts of the name, delimited by periods, that are constant
symbols, simple symbols, or null). Compound symbols allow the
construction of arrays, associative tables, lists, and so
on.
compound variable
In REXX, a
symbol that contains at least one period, one character before the period, and
one character after the period. A compound variable cannot start with a
digit or period.
compress
To replace repetitive
characters in a file or folder with control characters so that the file or
folder takes up less space.
compressed listing
In CoOperative
Development Environment/400, a graphical representation of the listing of the
program currently being debugged. See also compressed
source.
compressed source
In CoOperative
Development Environment/400, a graphical representation of the source of the
program currently being debugged. See also compressed
listing.
compression
A function that
removes repetitive characters, spaces, or strings of characters from the data
being processed and replaces the repetitive characters with control
characters. Compression reduces the amount of storage space required
for the data. See also decompression and
compaction.
computed time
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), the resulting time after a Distributed Time
Service (DTS) clock synchronization. The time value that the clerk or
server process computes according to the values it receives from several
servers.
computer graphics
The use of a
computer to produce images of relationships, such as charts, and two- or
three-dimensional drawings by means of dots, lines, curves, and so
forth.
computerized branch exchange (CBX)
An
exchange in which a central node acts as a high-speed switch to establish
direct connections between pairs of attached
nodes.
computer-name
In COBOL, a
system-name that identifies the computer on which the program is to be
compiled or run.
concatenate
(1) To link
together.
(2) To join two character
strings.
concatenated field
Two or more
fields that are combined to make one field in a logical
file.
concatenation operator
(1) The symbol
used to join two character data items. In CL, for example, the
concatenation operator is two vertical bars (||).
(2) In REXX, an
operator used to combine two strings into one by adding the second string to
the right end of the first string. The concatenation operators for REXX
are a double vertical bar (which concatenates without a blank) and the blank
(which concatenates with a blank).
concept
An abstract
idea.
concrete class
In DCE X/Open
Object Management, an OM class that permits
instances.
concurrency
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400, the shared use of resources by multiple interactive users or
application programs at the same time.
concurrent
In DB2 UDB for AS/400,
pertaining to the shared use of resources by multiple interactive users or
application programs at the same time.
concurrent connection limit
In OSI,
the maximum number of concurrent connections allowed for a givenOSI
Communications Subsystem node.
concurrent maintenance
The
process of repairing a failed disk-related hardware component while using the
system.
condensed
In DataPropagator
Relational, a table attribute that indicates the table contains current data,
not a history of the changes made to the data. A condensed table
includes no more than one row for each primary key value in the table.
As a result, a condensed table can be used to supply current information for a
refresh operation.
condition
(1) A relational expression
that can be evaluated to a value of either true or false.
(2) In COBOL, an expression in a
program for which a value is determined at run time. Conditions include
the simple conditions (relational condition, class condition, condition-name
condition, switch-status condition, sign condition) and the complex conditions
(negated simple conditions, combined conditions, negated combined
conditions).
(3) In the Integrated Language
Environment (ILE) model, a system-independent representation of an error
condition within a high-level language (HLL). For the OS/400 program,
each ILE condition has a corresponding exception message.
(4) In REXX, a specific event, or
state, that can be trapped by the REXX CALL ON or SIGNAL ON
instruction.
conditional expression
(1) A
statement that compares the relationship (such as greater than or equal) of
two items.
(2) In COBOL, a
simple condition or a complex condition specified in an IF, a PERFORM, or a
SEARCH statement. See complex condition and simple
condition.
conditional external reference
An
external reference that causes automatic linking to be
performed.
conditional force
A function that
replaces the specified control field character before the record is sorted
only if the control field in the input record contains a particular
entry.
conditional loop
In REXX, a loop
that allows a set of instructions to be repeated either WHILE or UNTIL a
specified condition is met.
conditional phrase
(1) In COBOL, a
phrase that specifies the action to be taken on the determination of the truth
value of a condition resulting from the running of a conditional
statement.
(2) In REXX, a phrase in
a DO instruction, introduced by the subkeyword WHILE or UNTIL, that is used to
change the iteration of a repetitive DO
loop.
conditional prompting
Pertaining
to prompting that is provided by the system depending on the values selected
by the user for other parameters. Contrast with selective
prompting.
conditional statement
In COBOL, a
statement that controls program flow based on the result of the evaluation of
a condition.
conditional text
In the
OfficeVision program, text that is printed or not printed based on the result
of the evaluation of a conditional
expression.
conditional variable
In COBOL, a
data item, one or more values of which has a condition-name assigned to
it.
conditioning
The use of
indicators in a program to control when calculations or output operations are
done, or in a file, the use of indicators or condition names to control when
certain functions or operations are
done.
conditioning indicator
In RPG, an
indicator used to specify when to do calculations or which characteristics
apply to a record format or field.
condition name
(1) For display files,
a name used to control the selection of DDS keywords and display locations
based on the model of the display station.
(2) The name assigned to a
status of a user-defined switch.
(3) In COBOL, a name assigned
to a specific value, set of values, or range of values within the complete set
of values that a conditional variable can
have.
condition-name condition
In
COBOL, a statement that the value of a conditional variable is one of a set
(or range) of values assigned to a condition name associated with the
conditional variable.
condition token
A 12-byte data
structure, which is consistent across multiple Systems Application
Architecture (SAA) participating systems, that allows the application
programmer to associate the condition with the underlying exception
message.
condition trap
In REXX, the
method by which the explicit flow of processing in a REXX program can be
changed. Condition traps are enabled or disabled using the ON or OFF
subkeywords of the CALL and SIGNAL
instructions.
condition variable
(1) In the DCE
Threads service, a synchronization object used in conjunction with a
mutex. It allows a thread to suspend its execution until some condition
is true.
(2) A variable that acts
as a flag that allows a thread to wait for some event to occur. The
condition variable is used with a boolean predicate to indicate the presence
or absence of the event and a mutex that protects both the predicate and the
resources associated with the event. The condition variable has no
ownership associated with it.
conduit
A pipe for protecting
electric wires or cables.
confidentiality
In computer
security, assurance that sensitive information is not visible to an
eavesdropper.
confidential mail
In
OfficeVision, a mail item containing information that is regarded as
confidential according to the user's company guidelines for confidential
information. Before sending a mail item, the sender can assign it a
sensitivity level of confidential. See also
sensitivity.
CONFIG.PCS
In Client
Access, the default configuration file for the Client Access
functions.
CONFIG.SYS
The
configuration file for the DOS and OS/2 operating systems. The user can
customize this file to install different device drivers and
options.
configuration
(1) The physical and
logical arrangement of devices and programs that make up a data processing
system. See also communications configuration, line
configuration, controller configuration, and device
configuration.
(2) The manner in which the
hardware and software of an information processing system are organized and
interconnected (T).
configuration file
(1) A file that
specifies the way a program functions.
(2) In performance, a
file that contains the system resources, such as the names of the processing
unit, disk subsystem, storage pools, and communications elements, that are
used by the transactions.
(3) A file that contains
directives that contain the various settings for the
server.
configuration list
A list of
local or remote locations, network addresses, or pass-through device
descriptions used by some types of communications descriptions. The
system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*CFGL.
configuration management
In
System Manager, the discipline that manages the physical and logical
properties of resources and their relationships, such as connections and
dependencies.
configuration report server (CRS)
A function
that resides on each ring in an environment of multiple token-ring networks in
which configuration is being monitored. This function receives
notifications about inserting and removing stations and notifications about
active monitor failures.
Configuration Section
In COBOL, a
section of the Environment Division of a program, which describes the overall
specifications of the source and object
computers.
configure
(1) To describe the
interconnected arrangement of the devices, programs, communications, and
optional features installed on a system.
(2) To describe setting up
auxiliary storage pools and checksum protection.
confirm
In OSI, a service
primitive issued by a service provider to complete the procedures associated
with a confirmed service.
confirmation of delivery
The
automatic notification to the sender of a message, note, or document as to
when action is taken on the message, note, or document. Confirmation of
delivery must be requested by the sender.
confirmed
In the OfficeVision
calendar function, pertaining to the status of an event or meeting. A
confirmed event or meeting can only be changed by the owner or a user
authorized to the calendar.
confirmed service
In OSI, a
service that indicates to the sender whether or not data or control
information was properly received. A confirmed service involves a
request, indication, response, and confirm service primitive. Contrast
with unconfirmed service.
conform
To change to a prevailing
standard.
conformant array
In DCE Remote
Procedure Call (RPC), an array whose size is determined at runtime. A
structure containing a conformant array as a field is a conformant
structure.
connection
(1) In OSI, a connection
between nodes. Connections are established and released at the network,
transport, session, and presentation layers.
(2) In TCP/IP, the path between
two protocol applications that provides reliable data stream delivery
service. In the internet, a connection extends from a TCP application
on one system to a TCP application on another system.
(3) In a telephone call, a
logical association between a party and a switch. A call consists of
two or more connections. A partial call consists of a connection to a
real party along with a connection to a virtual party.
(4) A combination of two
endpoints that the Virtual Private Network (VPN) protects and a security
policy. Such a connection can exist between any combination of a host
and a gateway.
connection handle
In MQSeries,
the identifier or token by which a program accesses the queue manager to which
it is connected.
connectionless-mode network protocol (CLNP)
The OSI
protocol defined by ISO 8473. This protocol is used to provide the
connectionless-mode network service (CLNS). See also
connectionless-mode network service
(CLNS).
connectionless-mode network service (CLNS)
In OSI,
an unacknowledged network service that enables an entity to send a unit of
data from a source service access point to one or more destination service
access points without establishing a connection. The OSI protocol that
provides this service in the Network Layer is defined by ISO 8473 (internet
protocol, or IP).
connectionless protocol
In DCE
Remote Procedure Call, a transport protocol, such as UDP, that does not
require a connection to be established prior to data transfer. Contrast
with connection-oriented
protocol.
connection list
An AS/400
communications object for ISDN that provides a list of information used to
determine when to accept incoming calls and what information to send with
outgoing calls. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*CNNL.
connection modem
In AS/400 Operations
Console, a driver (cwbopaoc.inf file) that allows the local controlling
system to connect to AS/400. See also Operations
Console.
connection-mode network service (CONS)
In OSI,
an acknowledged network service that enables an entity to send a unit of data
from a source service access point to a destination service access point by
establishing, maintaining, and disconnecting a connection. The OSI
protocol that provides this service in the network layer is defined by the
X.25 Packet-Level Protocol defined by CCITT 1980 and
1984.
connection network
A switched
network (such as a local area network, X.25, or public-switched dial
network) that allows a local node to establish APPN connections to more than
one undefined adjacent node.
connection-oriented network service
In OSI, a
deprecated term for connection-mode network service
(CONS).
connection-oriented protocol
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
protocol that runs over a connection-based transport protocol. It is a
connection-based, reliable, virtual-circuit transport protocol, such as
TCP. Contrast with connectionless
protocol.
connection profile
A set of data
that is used to establish a connection.
connection script
Data, such as
sign-on and password information, that is exchanged between the host and
remote systems when a connection is
established.
connective
In COBOL, a word or a
punctuation character that associates a data name, paragraph name, condition
name, or text name with its qualifier; links two or more values in a
series; or forms a conditional expression.
connector
In a query management
command, the TO word in the EXPORT command, the FROM word in the IMPORT
command, or the AS word in the SAVE DATA command.
CONS
See connection-mode
network service (CONS).
consecutive processing
A method
of processing in which the records in the file are read, written to, or
deleted in the order in which they exist in a file. See also
random processing and sequential
processing.
consistent
In DataPropagator
Relational, a table attribute that indicates whether the table reflects a
transaction-consistent state of the user
table.
consistent change data table
In
DataPropagator Relational, a table that is a join of data in the change data
table and the unit-of-work table. A consistent change data table is
used to provide consistent data for the apply
program.
console
(1) A display station from
which an operator can control and observe the system operation. For
example, an operator can install the operating system, do an attended IPL, or
sign on the system after using the End System (ENDSYS) command. The
console is the first workstation that the AS/400 system activates in a
partition. The console is always available for use.
(2) In COBOL, a function name
associated with the operator's display station.
(3) In a Windows operating system
environment, any interface with a server.
CONS path
In OSI, a path that
indicates both quality-of-service values through a network QOS mode and values
to indicate how splitting and multiplexing is to be accomplished. A
CONS path can optionally be reserved for outbound communications to a specific
DTE at an adjacent node.
CONS path set
In OSI, a path set
used when the connection-mode network service is
used.
constant
(1) Data that has an
unchanging, predefined value to be used in processing.
(2) In RPG, data that has an
unchanging, predefined value to be used in processing. A constant does
not change during the running of a program, but the contents of a field or
variable can.
(3) In DB2 UDB for AS/400, a
language element that specifies a value. Constants are either string
constants or numeric constants. See also
literal.
constant field
In an externally
described display or printer file, an unnamed field that contains actual data
that is passed to the display or printer but is unknown to the program passing
it.
constant symbol
In REXX, a symbol
that starts with a digit (0-9) or a period. The value of a constant
symbol cannot be changed.
constraint
A restriction or
limitation placed on a file. See also referential
constraint.
constraint cycle
A sequence of
constraint relationships in which a descendent of a parent file becomes the
parent to the original parent file. Synonymous with referential
cycle.
consumer transaction facility (CTF)
A
stand-alone finance device used to handle transactions for banking
customers. Synonymous with automatic teller machine
(ATM).
container
(1) In CoOperative
Development Environment/400, a system object that contains and organizes
source files. An OS/2 directory, an OS/400 library, or an
MVS-partitioned data set are examples of a container.
(2) In Backup Recovery and Media
Services, the physical object used to store and move media such as a box, a
case, or a rack.
container class
In Backup
Recovery and Media Services, an object that defines the types of physical
containers that are used to store and transport removable media.
Container classes are distinguished by attributes such as capacity and media
class.
container management
In Backup
Recovery and Media Services, a function that assigns container classes and
tracks containers by storage location for retention, reuse, and
recovery.
contention state
In data
communications, a type of half-duplex line or data link control in which
either user may transmit any time the line or link is available. If
both users attempt to transmit at the same time, the protocols or the hardware
determines who goes first.
contents view
A view of an object
that shows the contents of the object in list form. Container views are
provided for containers, and for any object that has container behavior, for
example, a device object such as a printer. Icons view and details view
are examples of contents views.
context
In MQSeries, information
about the origin of a message.
context handle
In DCE Remote
Procedure Call, a reference to a state (client context) maintained across
remote procedure calls by a server on behalf of a client. See
client context.
contextual help
Help that
explains the field on which the cursor is positioned when you press the Help
key. Contrast with extended
help.
contextual search
In the
OfficeVision program, a type of search that allows the user to find smaller
text strings that are part of larger search fields in filed documents or
personal directories. See also exact search and generic
search.
contiguous items
In COBOL,
consecutive elementary or group items in the Data Division that are contained
in a single data hierarchy.
continuation character
(1) A
character represented by a plus sign (+) that lets a command be extended to
more than one line.
(2) In REXX, a
character represented by a comma that lets a clause be extended to more than
one line. This character is functionally replaced by a blank and cannot
be used in the middle of a string or
comment.
continuation handle
A value,
which is passed between a high-level language program and a list application
programming interface (API), used to mark the last value put in the user
space.
continuation line
(1) A line of a
source statement where characters are entered when the source statement cannot
be contained on the previous line or lines.
(2) An additional line (or
lines) required to continue the coding of a CL command or a DDS keyword and
its value.
(3) In RLU, a report line
or sample line that is part of a record format or a group of sample lines
excluding the first line in the record format or group of sample lines.
(4) In RPG, additional
lines specified on the file description specifications to provide more
information about the file being
defined.
continuation reference
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a reference that describes how the
performance of all or part of an operation can be continued at one or more
different directory system agents (DSAs). See also
referral.
continuation text
In the
OfficeVision program, text at the bottom of a page that shows that the current
idea or topic is continued on another
page.
continued-entry field
In DDS, a
panel element that contains a field that contains a set of associated entry
fields.
continuously powered main storage (CPM)
The function
of supplying power only to main storage (cards) for a varied amount of time
(for example, one day) when utility power is lost on AS/400 systems or servers
that have a system power control network (SPCN).
control
In MQSeries and VisualAge
RPG, the result of selecting a part from the parts palette and placing it on
the design window. An example of a control is an entry
field.
control access
In the DCE Cell
Directory Service (CDS), an access right that grants users the ability to
change the access control on a name and to perform other powerful management
tasks, such as replicate a directory or move a
clearinghouse.
control block
A storage area used
by a program to hold control
information.
control boundary
A call stack
entry used as the point to which control is transferred when an unmonitored
error occurs or a high-level language termination verb is used. A
control boundary can be either of the following: a) any Integrated
Language Environment (ILE) call stack entry for which the immediately
preceding call stack entry is in a different activation group, or b) any ILE
call stack entry for which the immediately preceding call stack entry is an
original program model (OPM) program.
control break
In RPG, a change in
the contents of a control field that indicates all records from a particular
control group were read and a new control group is
starting.
control character
(1) A character
that starts, changes, or stops any operation that affects recording,
processing, transmitting, or interpreting data. For example, a
line-feed, a shift-in, and a shift-out are all control characters.
Contrast with graphic character.
(2) In TELNET, a character
that is used to represent the CTRL key on an ASCII
keyboard.
control field
(1) In RPG, one or more
fields that are compared from record to record to determine when the
information in the fields changes. When the information changes, the
control level indicator (L1 through L9) assigned to a control field is set
on.
(2) In AFP Utilities, an input
field on the screen view that is used to move the image area up, down, left,
or right.
(3) In Application Development
ToolSet, one or more specified fields that are compared to determine the
record sequence in the output file.
(4) In data communications, a
field within a frame that contains the commands, responses, sequence numbers,
and poll or final bit for data link
control.
control functions
In TELNET, the
standard representations for interconnection functions. The AS/400
implementation of these functions includes IP, AO, AYT, and
SYNCH.
control group
In Backup Recovery
and Media Services, a group of libraries, special values, special operations,
and lists that share common characteristics and are processed together due to
their similar process cycles. The control groups used are backup
control groups and archive control
groups.
control language (CL)
The set of
all commands with which a user requests system
functions.
control language (CL) program
A program
that is created from source statements consisting entirely of control language
commands.
control language (CL) variable
A
program variable that is declared in a control language program and is
available only to the CL program.
controlled repetitive loop
In REXX,
a repetitive DO loop in which the repetitive phrase specifies a control
variable. The variable is given an initial value before the first run
of the instruction list and is then stepped (by adding the result of an
optional expression) before the second and subsequent times that the
instruction list is run.
controller
A device that
coordinates and controls the operation of one or more input/output devices
(such as work stations) and synchronizes the operation of such devices with
the operation of the system as a whole.
controller card
A generic term
for any of the I/O controller logic cards, such as storage device controller,
work station controller, or communications
controller.
controller configuration
The
process of creating configuration descriptions for the local (device
configuration) and remote (communications configuration) controllers that make
up a data processing system. See also line configuration and
device configuration.
controller description
An object
that contains a description of the characteristics of a controller that is
either directly attached to the system or attached to a communications
line. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*CTLD.
control-level indicator
In RPG,
an indicator (L1 through L9) used to specify certain fields as control fields
and to control the operations that are performed at total and detail time in
the RPG program cycle.
controlling subsystem
The
interactive subsystem that is automatically started first when the system is
started and through which the system operator controls the
system.
Control menu
See System
menu.
control message
In the Internet suite
of protocols, a message that governs the aspects of a tunnel and sessions
within a tunnel.
control operator
A token that
performs a control function such as the symbols
().
control panel
A panel located on
the processing unit on the front of the rack that contains lights and switches
to operate or service the system.
control point (CP)
A collection of
tasks that provide directory and route selection functions for Advanced
Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) support. An end node control point
provides its own configuration, session, and management services with
assistance from the control point in its serving network node. A
network node control point provides session and routing
service.
control point server (CP-SVR)
The pair of
conversations that are used to transmit encapsulated SNA.
control region
The control region
provides the control, scheduling, and work management mechanisms necessary to
coordinate all the shared resources in
CICS.
control server
In DataPropagator
Relational, the location of the applicable subscription definitions and audit
trail table.
control specification
In RPG, a
specification that provides information about program
generation.
control statement
(1) In programming
languages, a statement that is used to interrupt the continuous sequential
processing of programming statements; for example, a conditional
statement such as IF, PAUSE, or STOP.
(2) In RPG, an entry on a
control specification.
control station
The controlling
or primary computer on a multipoint line. The control station controls
the sending and receiving of data. See also host
system.
convenience station
The part of
the tape library that is used to load and unload small numbers of cartridges
into the tape library.
conventional memory
Personal
computer memory that is addressed by DOS from 0KB to 640KB. Contrast
with extended memory and expanded
memory.
converged service processor
A common card
in both AS/400 and RS/6000 systems. The primary function of a converged
service processor is to start the system and diagnose hardware
failures.
convergence
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), the degree to which the Cell Directory Service
(CDS) attempts to keep all replicas of a directory
consistent.
convergent consistent
In
DataPropagator Relational, a target table that includes all changes, even
uncommitted changes.
conversation
(1) In APPC, the
communications between the application program and another application program
at the remote system. See also protected conversation,
session, transaction, and unprotected
conversation.
(2) In dynamic data exchange
(DDE), a connection between a DDE client and a DDE
server.
conversational monitor system (CMS)
An
operating system that provides general interactive time sharing, problem
solving, and program development capabilities, and operates only under the
control of the VM control
program.
conversation identifier
A value
used to identify the conversation.
conversation state
The condition
of a conversation, such as send or receive state. The conversation
state reflects the actions that have been done on that conversation and
determines what the next set of actions may
be.
conversion
The converting of a
code point that is assigned to a character in one code page to its
corresponding code point in another code page. For example, in code
page 278, the number sign is at code point X'63'. The
conversion process maps the code point of the character you entered from
X'63' in code page 278 to code point X'69' in code page
284. Conversion should not be used to indicate translation from one
language to another.
conversion table
An object that
contains a set of hexadecimal characters used to convert one or more
characters of data. The table can be used for the conversion of data
being moved between the system and a device. For example, data stored
in one coded character set may need to be displayed or entered on display
devices that support a different coded character set. The table can
also be used to specify an alternative collating sequence or field conversion
functions. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is
*TBL. See also
table.
conversion template table
A CICS
table containing entries that identify how data is to be converted when
transported to or from a remote
system.
converted journal entry
The
version of a journal entry that can be displayed, printed, or written to a
database output file.
cooperative application
In the
Systems Application Architecture (SAA) environment, a type of distributed
application in which the user interface portion of the application runs on a
programmable work station while some or all of the remaining code runs on one
or more linked systems.
CoOperative Development Environment/400
A feature
of the Application Development ToolSet Client Server (ADTS CS) licensed
program that provides an SAA application development and maintenance utility
for editing, compiling, and debugging third-generation programming
languages.
cooperative processing
Distributed
processing in which processors, typically a programmable work station and a
host computer, accomplish the work of an application by means of coordinated
or synchronized use of processing functions and system
resources.
coordinate
(1) To bring into a common
action, movement, or condition.
(2) To bring into a common
action, movement, or condition.
copy
In the DCE X/Open Directory
Service, either a copy of an entry stored in other directory system agents
(DSAs) through bilateral agreement, or a locally and dynamically stored copy
of an entry resulting from a request (a cache
copy).
copy names
In the OfficeVision
program, a list, created when a document is created, that names the users to
whom a document was copied.
copy server
In DataPropagator
Relational, the location of the target table, as well as the implicit location
of the local database for the apply program.
CORBA
See Common Object
Request Broker Architecture
(CORBA).
corequisite program temporary fix (PTF)
A temporary
solution to or a bypass of a problem that is necessary to provide a complete
solution to correct a problem. The system requires that you apply the
corequisite PTF with the PTF that needs it. Contrast also with
prerequisite program temporary fix (PTF) and distribution
requisite program temporary fix (PTF).
core service
A service required
by every Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) cell. Cell Directory
Service (CDS), Distributed Time Service (DTS), Remote Procedure Call (RPC),
Threads, and Security are core DCE
services.
correlated subquery
In SQL, a
subquery (part of a WHERE or HAVING clause) applied to a row or group of rows
of the table or view named in the outer SELECT
statement.
correlation ID
See
correlation identifier (correlation
ID).
correlation identifier (correlation ID)
An
application-defined identifier assigned to distributions for the user's
information.
correlation name
In SQL, an
identifier that designates a table, a view, or an individual row of a table or
view within a single SQL statement. The name can be defined in any FROM
clause or in the first clause of an UPDATE or DELETE
statement.
correlation table
In OSI
X.400, a table that records details of distributions sent and received
across a gateway (such as VM/MVS bridge or X.400). A correlation
table is used by a gateway to forward acknowledgments, as appropriate, after
they are received.
correspondence
(1) Communication by
letters.
(2) The agreement of things
with one another.
counter
A data item used for
storing numbers or number representations in a manner that permits these
numbers to be increased or decreased by the value of another number, or to be
changed or reset to zero or to an arbitrary positive or negative
value.
country ID
See country
identifier (country ID).
country identifier (country ID)
The
2-character representation for the country associated with an object.
For example, documents and user profiles can have a country associated with
them.
coupler
A device that connects a
modem to a telephone network.
courier
In the DCE Distributed
Time Service, a local server that requests a time value from a randomly
selected global server. The time value returned is used for
synchronization.
CP
See
control point (CP).
CP-CP session
In SNA, the
parallel sessions between two control points, using LU 6.2 protocols
and a mode name of CPSVCMG, on which network services requests and replies are
exchanged. Each CP of a given pair has one contention-winner session
and one contention-loser session with the other.
CPGID
See code page global
identifier (CPGID).
cpi
See characters per inch
(cpi).
CPI
See Common Programming
Interface (CPI).
CPM
See continuously powered
main storage (CPM).
CPP
See command processing
program (CPP).
CP-SVR
See control point
server (CP-SVR).
CPU
See central processing
unit (CPU).
cracker
Someone, usually with
malicious intent, who tries to circumvent or subvert system protection
mechanisms.
cradle
The part of a telephone
that holds the handset or receiver.
CRC
See cyclic redundancy
check (CRC).
create data
The data necessary to
convert code to machine instructions.
creation date
The system date
when an object is created. See also job date, and
system date.
creation timestamp (CTS)
In the
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), an attribute of all Cell Directory
Service clearinghouses, directories, soft links, child pointers, and object
entries that contains a unique value reflecting the date and time the name was
created. The timestamp consists of two parts: a time portion and
a portion containing the system identifier of the node on which the name was
created.
credential
In the DCE Security
service, a general term for privilege attribute data that has been certified
by a trusted privilege certification authority.
CRGM
See cluster resource
group manager (CRGM).
critical section table
In
DataPropagator Relational, a table at the data server that is used to
establish concurrency control between the change capture program and the apply
program.
crop
In image processing and in
multimedia applications, to cut off or
trim.
cross-domain key
In Cryptographic
Support, a type of key-encrypting key used to encrypt a data-encrypting key
that is being sent across a data line or being stored in a
file.
cross-domain key table
In
Cryptographic Support, a table in the system-supplied physical file QACRKTBL
in library QUSRSYS used to store all key-encrypting keys other than the host
master key and its variants. Each record of the file contains the name
of the key, its use, and its value. The three types of uses are
sending, receiving, and personal identification numbers
(PINs).
cross-reference listing
The part
of the compiler listing that tells where files, fields, and indicators are
defined, referred to, and changed in a program.
CRQ
See change request
(CRQ).
CRQD
See change request
description (CRQD).
CRS
See configuration report
server (CRS).
CRTE
In CICS, a supplied
transaction used for routing transactions to another CICS
system.
cryptanalyst
In Cryptographic
Support, a specialist in solving cryptographic
problems.
cryptographic algorithm
In
Cryptographic Support, a set of rules that specify the mathematical steps
required to encrypt and decrypt data. See also
algorithm.
Cryptographic Service Provider (CSP)
A feature of the
OS/400 operating system that provides APIs. The CCA Cryptographic
Service Provider enables an AS/400 user to run functions on the 4758
Coprocessor.
Cryptographic Support
The IBM
licensed program that provides support for the encryption and decryption of
data, according to the Data Encryption Algorithm, and for the management of
cryptographic keys and personal identification numbers
(PINs).
cryptography
(1) A method of
protecting data. Cryptographic services include data encryption and
message authentication.
(2) In Cryptographic Support,
the transformation of data to conceal its meaning; secret code.
(3) The transformation of data
to conceal its information content, prevent its undetected modification, or
prevent its unauthorized use.
CSMA/CD
See Carrier Sense
Multiple Access with Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD).
CSMT
In CICS, a transient data
queue that is a destination for messages. In CICS, the system
administrator decides whether to define the
queue.
CSMT log
In CICS, a transient
data destination used by CICS for writing workstation error and abend
messages. The CSMT log should be defined in the destination control
table (DCT).
CSP
See Cryptographic
Service Provider (CSP).
C-stub
In the Distributed
Computing Environment (DCE), the part of the directory user agent (DUA) that
implements the connection with the communications
network.
CSU
See channel service unit
(CSU).
CTF
See consumer transaction
facility (CTF).
CTLD
See controller
description.
CTS
See creation timestamp
(CTS).
cumulative backup
The process of
copying only data sets that have changed since the last backup of any
type. Contrast with full backup and incremental
backup.
cumulative PTF package
Media
containing the program temporary fixes (PTFs) for an AS/400 system that have
been accumulated from the start of the current release. PTFs requiring
special handling are not included in a cumulative PTF
package.
currency sign
In COBOL, the
character $.
currency symbol
(1) A character such
as the dollar sign ($) used to identify monetary values.
(2) In COBOL, the character
defined by the CURRENCY SIGN clause in the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph. If
no CURRENCY SIGN clause is present in a COBOL source program, the currency
symbol is identical to the currency sign. See currency
sign.
current
In the Application
Development Manager feature of the Application Development ToolSet licensed
program, pertaining to a part that is built with the latest version of all the
source and related parts used to create it. Contrast with
stale.
current directory
(1) In DOS, the
directory that is searched when a file name is entered with no indication of
the directory that lists that file name. DOS assumes that the current
directory is the root directory unless a path to another directory is
specified.
(2) In the OS/2 operating
system, the first directory in which the operating system looks for programs
and files and stores temporary files and
output.
current files library
The files
library to search for database files to be used by the System/36 environment
for the current job.
current form
In query management,
the form being applied against the data to produce the report being displayed
or printed.
current interrupted job
When a
job is interrupted by pressing the Attn key, another job can be started from a
command line. This job can also be interrupted by pressing the Attn key
again. The current interrupted job is the most recently
interrupted. The job name for the current interrupted job is displayed
at the top of the Inquiry Options menu.
current library
The library that
is specified to be the first user library searched for objects requested by a
user. The name for the current library can be specified on the Sign-On
display or in a user profile. When you specify an object name (such as
the name of a file or program) on a command, but do not specify a library
name, the system searches the libraries in the system part of the library
list, then searches the current library before searching the user part of the
library list. The current library is also the library that the system
uses when you create a new object, if you do not specify a library
name.
current mode
In the GDDM
function, the characteristics of the controlling session. For example,
when a color is defined, everything the program draws uses that color until
the color is changed.
current position
In the GDDM
function, the position, in user coordinates, that becomes the starting point
for the next graphics routine, if that routine does not explicitly specify a
starting point.
current record
In COBOL, the
record that is available in the record area associated with the
file.
current record pointer
In COBOL,
a method of identifying a record that is used in the sequential processing of
the next record.
current release
The latest
available release of the system that replaced the Licensed Internal Code,
operating system, or both.
current state
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400, the state of a connection when it is the one used for SQL statements
that are executed. Contrast with dormant
state.
current volume pointer
In COBOL, a
conceptual entity that points to the current volume of a sequential
file.
current working directory
A synonym
for current directory.
cursor
(1) A movable symbol, often a
blinking or solid block of light, that tells the display station user where to
type, or identifies a choice to select.
(2) In SQL, a named control structure
used by an application program to point to a row of data. The position
of the row is within a table or view, and the cursor is used to interactively
select rows from the columns.
cursor-movement keys
Keys that a
user presses to move a cursor on the
screen.
cursor stability
In DB2 UDB for
AS/400, an isolation level that prevents a row changed by an application
process that is running concurrently from being read until that row is
committed by the application process, and it ensures that the current row of
every cursor is not changed by application processes that are running
concurrently. See also read stability, repeatable
read, and uncommitted read.
customization
The ability to
change how objects on a personal computer look and work. For example,
you can tailor what objects are in a work area by creating, moving, or copying
objects to the work area.
customized binding handle
In DCE
Remote Procedure Call, a user-defined data structure from which a primitive
binding handle can be derived by user-defined routines in application
code. See primitive binding
handle.
CVDA
See CICS-value data
areas (CVDA).
CWA
See common work area
(CWA).
cycle
To end a management
collection object that is currently in use and to open a new object for
storing future collections. This process prevents collection objects
from becoming too large.
cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
An error
detection technique used by the data link layer to determine if all the bits
that were sent were also received.
cylinder
The tracks on a diskette
that can be read without changing the position of the read/write
head.
C2
A
level of security defined in the Trusted Computer System Evaluation
Criteria (TCSEC) published by the United States Government. To meet C2
requirements, a system must perform discretionary access control,
authentication and verification, object reuse protection, and auditing of
security-relevant events.